On the Viscosity of Pitch-like Substances

Trouton, Fred. T.; Andrews, Ewart S.

doi:10.1088/1478-7814/19/1/306

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Trouton [34] addresses this issue and makes the suggestion that elastic and viscous responses might be found together only in mixtures where one component is viscous and one elastic. He uses an experiment on a pure substance (sodium stearate) to show that the suggestion is false -the pure substance shows a combination of elastic and viscous behaviour in the same way as mixtures such as pitch and glass.…”

Section: Separation Of Elastic and Viscous Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensional viscosity: A critical discussion

Petrie

2006

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

139

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The issue of whether extensional viscosity is a concept that causes more confusion than enlightenment is addressed. This author's view is that misuse of the concept certainly has caused much confusion and, although it is in principle a simple and straightforward idea, it continues to be misused. What is straightforward is the formal definition of extensional viscosity, for steady uniform extensional flow. What gives rise to confusion is the careless use of measurements in flows which are not both steady and spatially uniform.

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Section: Separation Of Elastic and Viscous Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensional viscosity: A critical discussion

Petrie

2006

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

139

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“…With E.S. Andrews [65], he reviewed briefly some methods available for determining the viscosity of highly viscous materials:…”

Section: Troutonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third method was used in 1904, but required X-rays in order to track the motion of the falling ball. The main method used here [65], for determining the viscosity of pitch, molten glass and shoemaker's wax, was the torsion of a cylinder. A related paper with A.O.…”

Section: Troutonmentioning

confidence: 99%

One hundred years of extensional flow

Petrie

2006

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

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This historical review takes a few selected issues from the rheological studies of extensional flow that fill the literature, starting with extracts from the seminal papers of Trouton (Proc. Roy. Soc. A77 (1906) 426-440) and Fano (Archivio di fisiologio, 5 (1908) 365-370). Work in the first half of the twentieth century on spinnability and extensional viscosity measurement is highlighted, followed by a discussion of the blossoming of studies on extensional flow. As a case study, a project on anti-misting additives in aviation fuel is taken; whether the rheology or the politics is the more interesting is an open question. Finally some current issues surrounding spinnability and other extensional flow phenomena are discussed.

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“…6 for sample F1/2a spun at the high velocity gradient of G = 15.0 sec.-l is nearly equal to that of the colddrawn fiber RI, though the birefringence of the last gree of crystallinity and dimensions of the ordered regions in the cold-drawn sample. The examination of highly oriented samples of P-polycapronamide throws a little light upon their structure.…”

Section: X-ray Structuresmentioning

confidence: 82%

Studies on the orientation phenomena by fiber formation from polymer melts. Part I. Preliminary investigations on polycapronamide

Ziabicki

Kedzierska

1959

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The problem of the mechanism of macromolecule orientation occurring in the formation of fibers from polymer melts has been qualitatively analyzed. As a result of birefringence, x‐ray, and spinning stress investigations carried out on polycapronamide fibers, the main parameters determining orientation have been established. They are the parallel velocity gradient along the spinning length, G = dV/dl, and the relaxation factors. The deformation ratio S (the ratio of final to original linear velocity), analogous to the draw ratio λ = 1/10 in the cold‐drawing process, has no influence on the degree of orientation. The orientation by spinning is not accompanied by any such structural transformations as occur through cold‐drawing. The fibers spun at high velocity gradients consist of well‐oriented β‐polycapronamide. It is thus assumed that the orientation proceeds in the region of the liquid melt‐stream as a result of simultaneous action of velocity gradient and thermal relaxation. This mechanism, analogous to that causing the familiar streaming orientation of polymer solutions in capillaries or in a Couette apparatus, is different in principle from that of the cold‐drawing process.

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On the Viscosity of Pitch-like Substances

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Extensional viscosity: A critical discussion

Extensional viscosity: A critical discussion

One hundred years of extensional flow

Studies on the orientation phenomena by fiber formation from polymer melts. Part I. Preliminary investigations on polycapronamide

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