On the vertical distribution of bees in a temperate deciduous forest

Ulyshen, Michael D.; Soon, Villu; Hanula, James L.

doi:10.1111/j.1752-4598.2010.00092.x

Cited by 82 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Understory species in old-growth deciduous forests may flower before canopy closure in the spring, relying on early season bumble bees, Bombus spp., that can withstand cooler temperatures, or later in the summer, relying on small bees and flies that find strongly-scented floral resources near the forest floor [8,31]. Ulyshen et al [32] reported that the bee assemblage in the understory was distinct from that in the canopy of a temperate deciduous forest. Bees were less abundant and diverse in the understory than in the canopy.…”

Section: Understory Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod Diversity and Functional Importance in Old-Growth Forests of North America

Schowalter

2017

Forests

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Old-growth forests have become rare in North America but provide habitat for unique assemblages of species that often are rare in younger forests. Insects and related arthropods reach their highest diversity in old-growth forests because of their stable moderate temperature and relative humidity and the rich variety of resources represented by high plant species richness and structural complexity. Old-growth arthropod assemblages typically are distinct from those in younger, managed forests. Major subcommunities include the arboreal community that is composed of a rich assemblage of herbivores, fungivores, and their associated predators and parasitoids that function to regulate primary production and nutrient fluxes, the stem zone community that includes bark-and wood-boring species and their associated predators and parasitoids that initiate the decomposition of coarse woody debris, and the forest floor community composed of a variety of detritivores, fungivores, burrowers, and their associated predators and parasitoids that are instrumental in litter decomposition. Insect outbreaks are relatively rare in old-growth forests, where the diversity of resources and predators limit population growth. In turn, insects contribute to plant diversity and limit primary production of host plant species, thereby promoting development of old-growth forest characteristics. Arthropods also provide important functions in decomposition and nutrient cycling that may be lost in younger, managed forests with limited provision of coarse woody debris and accumulated litter. Protection of remnant old-growth forests within the forest matrix may be particularly valuable for maintaining the diversity of plant and arthropod predators that can minimize outbreaks, thereby contributing to resilience to changing environmental conditions.

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Section: Understory Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod Diversity and Functional Importance in Old-Growth Forests of North America

Schowalter

2017

Forests

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“…Previous studies performed in temperate forests also showed a vertical stratification in the community composition of hymenopterans (Vance et al 2007;Pucci 2008;Sobek et al 2009;Ulyshen et al 2010Ulyshen et al , 2011. Vance et al (2007) found that, in northeastern temperate forests in Canada, Spheciformes are more common in the canopy than in the understory, suggesting that highly mobile hymenopterans may spend significant amounts of time foraging in this habitat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Psenulus spp., predators of sap-sucking insects as aphids, Nitela spp., attacking epiphyte grazers such as barkflies and Spilomena troglodytes, preying on thrips. Previous studies showed that sap-sucking and honeydew producer insects can be abundant in the canopy of temperate forests (Moran & Southwood 1982), turning out to be an important source of non-floral sugar for bees and wasps when only few flowers are available in the understory (Ulyshen et al 2010(Ulyshen et al , 2011. Sampling the arthropod fauna of native and introduced oak species in UK and France, Southwood et al (2005) found that moist higher strata of broadleaf forests can host a very abundant and diverse epiphyte fauna, including Psocoptera and Thysanoptera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both tropical and temperate forests, canopies can provide resources which are seasonally unavailable in the understory (Ulyshen et al 2010) and can offer nesting sites for specialized saproxylic organisms (Sobek et al 2009;Ulyshen et al 2011b). In certain conditions, the canopy layer may also work as aggregation point for several flying insects during mating swarming (Birtele & Hardersen 2012;Stireman et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, only few studies have focused on highly mobile (and highly diverse) insects as dipterans or hymenopterans of the canopy of temperate forests (Preisser et al 1998;Sperber et al 2004;Thunes et al 2004;Vance et al 2007;Pucci 2008;Stireman 2008;Sobek et al 2009;Ulyshen et al 2010Ulyshen et al , 2011aUlyshen et al , 2011bBirtele & Hardersen 2012;Stireman et al 2012;Di Giovanni et al 2015). In this study, we analyzed the community composition of solitary wasps belonging to Ampulicidae, Crabronidae and Sphecidae (the three families of Apoidea Spheciformes present in Italy) of understory and canopy of the Natural Reserve of "Bosco della Fontana", a temperate plain forest in North Italy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical stratification of selected Hymenoptera in a remnant forest of the Po Plain (Italy, Lombardy) (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae, Crabronidae, Sphecidae)

2017

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Communities of the canopy of temperate forests are still relatively unexplored. Furthermore, very little is known on how vertical stratification for some insect groups is related to biological strategies. In this study, we investigated the community composition of both canopy and understory of the families Ampulicidae, Crabronidae and Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) of the Natural Reserve of "Bosco della Fontana", a remnant lowland forest in northeastern Italy. Observed patterns in vertical stratification have been related to species foraging habits. Our study reveals that the bulk of the community of Spheciformes of the understory consists of species predating dipterans and spiders, while species associated with the canopy are mainly predators of sap-sucking honeydew producers and epiphyte grazers, like aphids, thrips, and barkflies. Comparing the communities of canopy and understory may lead to a better understanding of species ecology and provides useful information to forest managers.

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Drivers of diversity and community structure of bees in an agroecological region of Zimbabwe

Tarakini

Chemura

Tarakini

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Worldwide bees provide an important ecosystem service of plant pollination. Climate change and land‐use changes are among drivers threatening bee survival with mounting evidence of species decline and extinction. In developing countries, rural areas constitute a significant proportion of the country's land, but information is lacking on how different habitat types and weather patterns in these areas influence bee populations. This study investigated how weather variables and habitat‐related factors influence the abundance, diversity, and distribution of bees across seasons in a farming rural area of Zimbabwe. Bees were systematically sampled in five habitat types (natural woodlots, pastures, homesteads, fields, and gardens) recording ground cover, grass height, flower abundance and types, tree abundance and recorded elevation, temperature, light intensity, wind speed, wind direction, and humidity. Zero‐inflated models, censored regression models, and PCAs were used to understand the influence of explanatory variables on bee community composition, abundance, and diversity. Bee abundance was positively influenced by the number of plant species in flower ( p < .0001). Bee abundance increased with increasing temperatures up to 28.5°C, but beyond this, temperature was negatively associated with bee abundance. Increasing wind speeds marginally decreased probability of finding bees. Bee diversity was highest in fields, homesteads, and natural woodlots compared with other habitats, and the contributions of the genus Apis were disproportionately high across all habitats. The genus Megachile was mostly associated with homesteads, while Nomia was associated with grasslands. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that some bee species could become more proliferous in certain habitats, thus compromising diversity and consequently ecosystem services. These results highlight the importance of setting aside bee‐friendly habitats that can be refuge sites for species susceptible to land‐use changes.

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On the vertical distribution of bees in a temperate deciduous forest

Cited by 82 publications

References 25 publications

Arthropod Diversity and Functional Importance in Old-Growth Forests of North America

Arthropod Diversity and Functional Importance in Old-Growth Forests of North America

Vertical stratification of selected Hymenoptera in a remnant forest of the Po Plain (Italy, Lombardy) (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae, Crabronidae, Sphecidae)

Drivers of diversity and community structure of bees in an agroecological region of Zimbabwe

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