On the venous system of the common Indian rat‐snake ptyas mucosus (Linn.)

Ray, Harish Chandra

doi:10.1002/jmor.1050590306

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…In most vertebrates anterior or lateral abdominal veins drain cephalad along the ventral or lateral portions of the abdominal wall (Gelderen,193 I Marples, 1936) this system drains past the liver to the heart. In Amphibia (Bethge, 1898; Reese, 1906) and Reptilia (Stromsten, 1905; Reese, 1915; O'Donoghue, 1920; Ray, 1936) it drains into the liver sinuses by way of the proximal end of the hepatic portal. I n birds Spanner, 1939) and monotremes (Beddard, 1884) there is a similar vein, called respectively the epigastric and anterior abdominal, draining only the bladder and a small part of the abdominal wall into the hepatic portal.…”

Section: Circulatory Cycles In the Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulatory Cycles in the Vertebrates*

Mossman¹

1948

Biological Reviews

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Summary 1. The following significant facts have been pointed out: (a) The yolk sac of Osteichthyes (bony fishes) and Amphibia is supplied by blood from body veins, while that of Selachii (cartilaginous fishes) and Amniota receives blood by way of direct branches from the dorsal aorta. (b) The allantois is always supplied directly from the aorta by the umbilical arteries. Its venous drainage is at first by way of the umbilical veins directly to the heart, but later part or all of it passes through the liver sinuses. (c) A hepatic portal system exists in all Vertebrata, but in developing Amniota a by‐pass around the liver sinuses is provided in Aves and Reptilia by the meatus venosus, and is often provided in Mammalia also by the ductus venosus. These structures allow the allantoic vein blood and some of the vitelline and intestinal vein blood to reach the heart directly. Anterior abdominal wall and urinary bladder blood and some from the caudal region and posterior extremity drain into the hepatic portal and liver sinuses in Amphibia and Reptilia, and to a slight extent in birds and monotremes through the anterior abdominal vein or its homologue. (d) A renal portal circulation is present in all Vertebrata during embryonic life. It is present in the adults of all except Mammalia. It is apparently modified by the presence of venous anastomoses between afferent and efferent renal veins in many of these. Its anatomical and physiological relation to the renal tubules has been denied by at least one recent investigator. (e) The gills always receive blood directly from the heart by way of the ventral aorta and are drained by efferent arteries leading directly to the roots of the dorsal aorta. Head arteries arise from some of the efferent branchials, and in certain fishes pulmonary arteries also arise from them. Typical tetrapod lungs receive their functional supply by arteries directly from the heart or ventral aorta, and drain by veins directly into the heart. On the other hand, the lungs of lung‐fishes and the swim‐bladder of other fishes receive blood either from the dorsal aorta or from branches of the efferent branchial arteries and drain into both the systemic venous system (sometimes in part via the renal portal) and the hepatic portal in most fishes, and more or less directly to the heart in Amia, Cladista and Dipneusti. 2. The following possibilities and problems have been discussed: (a) The blood supply of the yolk sac of Osteichthyes and Amphibia is fundamentally different from that of Selachii and other vertebrates, indicating a difference in the physiology of the yolk sac and in its evolutionary development in these two groups. In this respect, then, selachian ontogeny is much closer to that of the amniotes than to that of other anamniotes. (b) The logic in the by‐passing of the liver by allantoic blood in those forms where the allantois is primarily respiratory is pointed out, as well as the possible carbohydrate regulating function of the liver in those foetuses (mammals) where the allantois has a nutritiv...

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Section: Circulatory Cycles In the Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulatory Cycles in the Vertebrates*

Mossman¹

1948

Biological Reviews

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The cephalic vascular anatomy of three species of sea snakes

Young

1988

Journal of Morphology

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The primary and secondary elements of the cephalic vascular system in some sea snakes are similar to those of the generalized ophidian pattern. The three species examined in this study revealed only minor variations in vascular morphology; these variations appear to be correlated with myological differences among the three species. For example, in Hydrophis melanocephalus it appears that the depressor mandibulae artery is displaced by the cranially expanded insertion of the semi-spinalis and spinalis muscles. A preliminary hypothesis is put forth that explains the apparent constancy of the cephalic vascular system of ophidians in terms of possible constraints due to cranial kinesis.

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The Adrenal Gland in Reptilia

Lofts

Callard

1978

General, Comparative and Clinical Endocrinology of the Adrenal Cortex

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On the venous system of the common Indian rat‐snake ptyas mucosus (Linn.)

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Circulatory Cycles in the Vertebrates*

Circulatory Cycles in the Vertebrates*

The cephalic vascular anatomy of three species of sea snakes

The Adrenal Gland in Reptilia

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