On the using of discrete wavelet transform for physical layer key generation

Zhan, Furui; Yao, Nianmin

doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2017.06.003

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Information reconciliation [27] is used to correct the bits of inconsistent quantization results. Privacy amplification [14] is used to alleviate the leaked information or to strengthen the key.…”

Section: Key Generation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, time-varying reflects the changes in the channel state and affects the efficiency of key generation. The physical layer information measurement of the wireless channel can be collected using the channel state information (CSI) [5][6][7][8][9], received signal strength (RSS) [10][11][12][13][14][15], or phase [16][17][18]. Compared with the CSI and phase, the RSSbased key generation mechanism can be directly applied to the off-the-shelf wireless devices without any hardware modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there have been many research works for key extraction based on RSS [10][11][12][13][14][15], unfortunately, existing methods may also suffer from low bit generation rate (BGR) and high bit disagreement rate (BDR). Note that the bit generation rate refers to the number of bits that can be generated each RSS sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient physical layer key generation technique in wireless communications

Lin

Fang

et al. 2020

J Wireless Com Network

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Wireless communications between two devices can be protected by secret keys. However, existing key generation schemes suffer from the high bit disagreement rate and low bit generation rate. In this paper, we propose an efficient physical layer key generation scheme by exploring the Received Signal Strength (RSS) of signals. In order to reduce the high mismatch rate of the measurements and to increase the key generation rate, a pair of transmitter and receiver separately apply adaptive quantization algorithm for quantifying the measurements. Then, we implement a randomness extractor to further increase key generation rate and ensure randomness of generated of keys. Several real-world experiments are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The results show that compared with the other related schemes, our scheme performs better in bit generation rate, bit disagreement rate, and randomness.

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Section: Key Generation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient physical layer key generation technique in wireless communications

Lin

Fang

et al. 2020

J Wireless Com Network

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“…As the vast numbers of nodes are communicating in the open wireless channel, data communication security is one of the open fields in IoT security. 8,9 White noise is a Gaussian noise and exhibits equal intensities at different frequencies, whereas the colored noise may have different characteristics at different frequency bands. It is also possible to achieve data security at the physical (PHY) layer by different physical layer security (PLS) techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So it is required to account for all these effects while processing the received radio signals like RSS. 8,9 White noise is a Gaussian noise and exhibits equal intensities at different frequencies, whereas the colored noise may have different characteristics at different frequency bands. White noise is considered as uncorrelated random variables with zero mean and finite variance, ie, it has unity autocorrelation coefficient at zero lag and zeroes elsewhere, and while the correlated colored noise components have their autocorrelation value at some other lags, also.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance improvement of wireless secret key generation with colored noise for IoT

Soni

Upadhyay

Kumar

2019

Int J Communication

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Achieving security in the Internet of things (IoT) networks by generating symmetric keys from the wireless channel parameters like received signal strength (RSS) is a promising approach. Despite the easy acquisition of the RSS signal, RSS-based security is less explored for IoT. In this work, we analyze the performance of RSS-based wireless physical layer key generation with correlated colored noise components and proposed a low complexity filtering approach to improve the performance for the IoT network. We started with providing a survey of various recent researches related to RSS-based key generation and also discussed correlated colored noise components with a few of the recent works considering them. Further, we analyze various colored noise components in the time domain by the Allan variance and Ljung-Box test. Furthermore, we develop a key generation model and proposed a moving window averaging-based filtering followed by Lloyd max quantization to improve the BDR performance, degraded due to the presence of correlated colored noise components. The simulation results show that the proposed preprocessing technique has a considerable improvement in the BDR performance, and the keys generated have sufficient randomness, which is verified by NIST test.

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Physical layer secure key generation with nonlinear preprocessing of RSS for power constraint wireless networks

Sharma

Upadhyay

2021

Int J Communication

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Summary There has been growing attention in physical layer security (PLS) techniques for wireless networks. PLS techniques are based on physical layer characteristics and are less computationally complex than traditional cryptographic approaches, which work on higher layers of networks. Physical layer key generation (PLKG) is one of the prominent key based PLS techniques that exploits reciprocity and randomness of wireless fading channel to establish secure communication between two transceivers. PLKG system consists of five stages as RSS measurement, its preprocessing, quantization and encoding, key reconciliation, and privacy amplification. Each stage has a substantial role in deciding the performance of PLKG system, but RSS preprocessing offers wide scope in performance improvement for the system. In this work, we propose PLKG system using a new class of preprocessing technique first time, which is nonlinear. We formulated the problem uniquely and considered two nonlinear techniques: nonlinear preprocessing using expander (NLPE) and nonlinear preprocessing using compressor (NLPC). We analyzed the performance of system using NLPE and NLPC and found NLPE is most suitable. Performance of the system is evaluated in terms of bit disagreement rate (BDR) and randomness of keys. Results show that NLPE performs extremely well, as compared with linear approach and without preprocessing approach, especially at low signal to noise ratio (SNR) range. Emerging wireless networks such as internet of things (IoT), centralized radio access network (CRAN), wireless sensor network (WSN), and so forth are being operated at lower transmission power with lightweight hardware. Hence, for such type of power constraint networks, proposed PLKG system with NLPE can be proven a perfect security solution.

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On the using of discrete wavelet transform for physical layer key generation

Cited by 37 publications

References 16 publications

Efficient physical layer key generation technique in wireless communications

Efficient physical layer key generation technique in wireless communications

Performance improvement of wireless secret key generation with colored noise for IoT

Physical layer secure key generation with nonlinear preprocessing of RSS for power constraint wireless networks

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