On the Use of Site Data to Define Extreme Turbulence Conditions for Wind Turbine Design

Moon, Jae Sang; Sahasakkul, Watsamon; Soni, Mohit; Manuel, Lance

doi:10.1115/1.4028721

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the current study we generate Gaussian turbulence fields only, though it is known that atmospheric turbulence can exhibit some non-Gaussian character (e.g., Peinke et al, 2004;Wilczek and Friedrich, 2009;Morales et al, 2012). But the extent to which the non-Gaussian aspect impacts the response dynamics of wind turbines is the subject of ongoing debate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IFORM method is widely used in wind energy to predict extreme environmental conditions or long-term loading on wind turbines for ultimate strength analysis. More information on this method may be found in, e.g., Fitzwater et al (2003), Saranyasoontorn and Manuel (2006), and Moon et al (2014).…”

Section: Estimation Of 50-year Joint Extremes Of Turbulence and Wind mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extreme wind fluctuations: joint statistics, extreme turbulence, and impact on wind turbine loads

2019

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Abstract. For measurements taken over a decade at the coastal Danish site Høvsøre, we find the variance associated with wind speed events from the offshore direction to exceed the prescribed extreme turbulence model (ETM) of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61400-1 Edition 3 standard for wind turbine safety. The variance of wind velocity fluctuations manifested during these events is not due to extreme turbulence; rather, it is primarily caused by ramp-like increases in wind speed associated with larger-scale meteorological processes. The measurements are both linearly detrended and high-pass filtered in order to investigate how these events – and such commonly used filtering – affect the estimated 50-year return period of turbulence levels. High-pass filtering the measurements with a cutoff frequency of 1∕300 Hz reduces the 50-year turbulence levels below that of IEC ETM class C, whereas linear detrending does not. This is seen as the high-pass filtering more effectively removes variance associated with the ramp-like events. The impact of the observed events on a wind turbine are investigated using aeroelastic simulations that are driven by constrained turbulence simulation fields. Relevant wind turbine component loads from the simulations are compared with the extreme turbulence load case prescribed by the IEC standard. The loads from the event simulations are on average lower for all considered load components, with one exception: ramp-like events at wind speeds between 8 and 16 m s−1, at which the wind speed rises to exceed rated wind speed, can lead to high thrust on the rotor, resulting in extreme tower-base fore–aft loads that exceed the extreme turbulence load case of the IEC standard.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of 50-year Joint Extremes Of Turbulence and Wind mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme wind fluctuations: joint statistics, extreme turbulence, and impact on wind turbine loads

2019

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Grand challenges in the design, manufacture, and operation of future wind turbine systems

Veers¹,

Bottasso²,

Manuel³

et al. 2023

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Abstract. Wind energy is foundational for achieving 100 % renewable electricity production, and significant innovation is required as the grid expands and accommodates hybrid plant systems, energy-intensive products such as fuels, and a transitioning transportation sector. The sizable investments required for wind power plant development and integration make the financial and operational risks of change very high in all applications but especially offshore. Dependence on a high level of modeling and simulation accuracy to mitigate risk and ensure operational performance is essential. Therefore, the modeling chain from the large-scale inflow down to the material microstructure, and all the steps in between, needs to predict how the wind turbine system will respond and perform to allow innovative solutions to enter commercial application. Critical unknowns in the design, manufacturing, and operability of future turbine and plant systems are articulated, and recommendations for research action are laid out. This article focuses on the many unknowns that affect the ability to push the frontiers in the design of turbine and plant systems. Modern turbine rotors operate through the entire atmospheric boundary layer, outside the bounds of historic design assumptions, which requires reassessing design processes and approaches. Traditional aerodynamics and aeroelastic modeling approaches are pressing against the limits of applicability for the size and flexibility of future architectures and flow physics fundamentals. Offshore wind turbines have additional motion and hydrodynamic load drivers that are formidable modeling challenges. Uncertainty in turbine wakes complicates structural loading and energy production estimates, both around a single plant and for downstream plants, which requires innovation in plant operations and flow control to achieve full energy capture and load alleviation potential. Opportunities in co-design can bring controls upstream into design optimization if captured in design-level models of the physical phenomena. It is a research challenge to integrate improved materials into the manufacture of ever-larger components while maintaining quality and reducing cost. High-performance computing used in high-fidelity, physics-resolving simulations offer opportunities to improve design tools through artificial intelligence and machine learning, but even the high-fidelity tools are yet to be fully validated. Finally, key actions needed to continue the progress of wind energy technology toward even lower cost and greater functionality are recommended.

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Extreme coherent gusts with direction change – probabilistic model, yaw control, and wind turbine loads

2023

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Abstract. Observations of large coherent fluctuations are used to define a probabilistic model of coherent gusts with direction change. The gust model provides the joint description of the gust rise time, amplitude, and directional changes with a 50-year return period. The observed events are from a decade of measurements from a coastal site in western Denmark, making the derived gust model site specific. In conjunction with the gust model, a yaw controller is presented in this study to investigate the load implications of the joint gust variables. These loads are compared with the design load case of the extreme coherent gust with direction change (ECD) from the IEC 61400-1 Ed.4 wind turbine safety standard. Within the framework of our site-specific gust model we find the return period of the ECD to be approximately 460 years. From the simulations we find that for gusts with a relatively long rise time the blade root flapwise bending moment, for example, can be reduced by including the considered yaw controller. From the extreme load comparison of the ECD and the modeled gusts we see that by including the variability in the gust parameters the load values from the modeled gusts are between 20 % and 74 % higher than the IEC gusts.

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On the Use of Site Data to Define Extreme Turbulence Conditions for Wind Turbine Design

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Extreme wind fluctuations: joint statistics, extreme turbulence, and impact on wind turbine loads

Extreme wind fluctuations: joint statistics, extreme turbulence, and impact on wind turbine loads

Grand challenges in the design, manufacture, and operation of future wind turbine systems

Extreme coherent gusts with direction change – probabilistic model, yaw control, and wind turbine loads

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