On the use of ion-crosslinked nanocellulose hydrogels for wound healing solutions: Physicochemical properties and application-oriented biocompatibility studies

Hemocompatibility of Ca2+‐Crosslinked Nanocellulose Hydrogels: Toward Efficient Management of Hemostasis

“…Collagen is furthermore known to be a good mediator of later phases of wound healing, making it a versatile and interesting bioactive compound for wound care products . Rheological analysis of the composite NFC hydrogels (see the Suporting Information) revealed that the NFC‐kaolin and NFC‐collagen hydrogels displayed a solid‐like behavior associated with self‐standing hydrogels (Figure S1, Supporting Information), which corresponds to previous findings on the mechanical properties of the NFC hydrogel . However, a ≈30% increase in peak strenght was noted for the composite hydrogels: a stabalizing effect possibly due to the incorporation of solid microscaled particles/fibers into the nanosized NFC polymer network.…”

“…Hydrogels, fibrous networks of crosslinked polymers that are capable of holding large amounts of water, have proven to be great candidates for wound healing applications, as these materials are able to aid the natural wound healing process . Furthermore, in a previous study, we have demonstrated the biocompatibility and encouraging physicochemical properties of the NFC hydrogel for wound healing applications …”

“…The resulting NFC composite suspensions were homogenized using high‐energy ultrasonic treatment (Vibracell 600 W, USA). To form self‐standing hydrogels, the NFC (3% w/w), the NFC‐kaolin, and the NFC‐collagen suspensions were crosslinked in Petri dishes by the drop‐wise addition of 1 mL of 200 × 10 −3 m CaN 2 O 6 per mL of NFC suspension as previously described by Basu et al…”

“…The possibility to create NFC‐based dressings for wound healing applications has been introduced and examined in a series of studies by ourselves and others, with promising results. However, to date, no work has addressed neither the hemocompatibility aspect of NFC‐based materials, nor the possibility of modifying these materials to obtain dressings that aid the first phase of wound healing—hemostasis.…”

In vitro toxicity assessment of hydrogel patches obtained by cation‐induced cross‐linking of rod‐like cellulose nanocrystals

“…However, when utilized in cell cultures, soft hydrogels stay in close contact with cells causing mechanical stress (Pelham & Wang, ). Conversely, direct toxicity test performed with hydrogels obtained by cross‐linking coarse NCF with Ca 2+ have been reported to induce only small, but not quantified, disruptions of a fibroblast cell layer (Basu et al, ). These hydrogels, at difference from CNC‐HMs, are solid‐like materials as evidenced by the values of storage and elastic moduli, which are one order of magnitude higher than those of Ca 2+ ‐CNC‐HM of comparable cellulose concentration (Maestri, Abrami, et al, ).…”