On the use of graphical method to determine the targets of single-contaminant regeneration recycling water systems

“…The processes that use large amount of water rate such as cooling tower, Ion exchangers, and Service water used in desalter, fuel carbon cracking, Lube plant, caustic treating and laboratory in the refinery were selected [15][16][17][18][19]. They use total rate of 565 m 3 /h which is equivalent to 82.5% of the total water rate used by the refinery.…”

Section: Economic Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Water Reuse Network Using Water Pinch Technology (WPT) by Considering Single Contaminant for Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Nigeria

Sa¹

2016

J Pollut Eff Cont

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Conventionally, freshwater has been the only source of water for processes used in the industries due to the fact that it is cheap, and the wastewater generated in these processes has been treated in a central common facility in order to remove contaminants and to meet regulatory specifications for wastewater disposal. This research identify an optimum design of water reuse network for Kaduna refinery and petrochemical company (KRPC), while considering suspended solid (SS), hardness (H, Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Free hydrocarbons (FH) wastewater contaminants and analysing the feasibilities of reuse and recycling for water and wastewater minimization in the water network of the company by using graphical method known as Water Pinch Technology (WPT). The analysis indicated the possibility of reducing the fresh water use by 76.8 m

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“…grey water utilization) and social acceptance of water reuse, water systems integration is being implemented in many industries in order to ensure an efficient use of the water resources [1,2]. This technology entails the integration of the wastewater generated by an industrial equipment/process after its treatment or directly in the industrial lines by continuous loops of water recirculation [3,4]. The potential for water saving in industry is enormous since it has been estimated that the industrial sector is responsible for up to 25% of the total water consumption in the world [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combined effects of shear stress and mass transfer on the balance between biofilm and suspended cell dynamics

Moreira¹,

Simões²,

Melo³

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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This work investigates the effect of shear stress and mass transfer on the development of biofilms in a flow cell that mimics industrial piping. The shear stress and maximum flow velocity were estimated by computational fluid dynamics and the external mass transfer coefficient was calculated using empirical correlations for Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 10000. The effect of two flow rates on the development of Escherichia coli biofilms under turbulent flow conditions was assessed and it was observed that biofilm formation was favored at the lowest flow rate. Additionally, estimations of the shear stress and external mass transfer coefficient indicate that both parameters increase with increasing flow rates. Thus it seems that biofilm formation was being controlled by the shear stress that promoted biofilm erosion/sloughing and not by mass transfer which would potentiate biofilm growth.Our results indicate that not only efficient pre-treatment units are required on water recirculation loops in order to reduce the effective concentration of bacteria and nutrients, but also that high flow rates are preferred at all times to reduce the buildup of bacterial biofilms. For instance, high flow rates should be used during cleaning and disinfection cycles because the increase in shear stress will promote biofilm detachment and also potentiate the effect of biocides and other cleaning agents due to the increased mass transfer from the bulk solution to the surface of the biofilm.

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On the use of graphical method to determine the targets of single-contaminant regeneration recycling water systems

Cited by 110 publications

References 16 publications

Synthesis of Heat-Integrated Resource Conservation Networks

Synthesis of Heat-Integrated Resource Conservation Networks

Optimization of Water Reuse Network Using Water Pinch Technology (WPT) by Considering Single Contaminant for Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Nigeria

The combined effects of shear stress and mass transfer on the balance between biofilm and suspended cell dynamics

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