On the transformation of point rainfall to areal rainfall

Rodrı́guez-Iturbe, Ignacio; Mej­ía, José

doi:10.1029/wr010i004p00729

Cited by 148 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…The analytical methods (correlation by Rodriguez-Iturbe and Mejía 1974, Sivapalan and Blöschl 1998and Omolayo 1989; crossing properties by Bacchi and Ranzi 1996; scaling methods by de Michele et al 2001 andLangousis 2005; and storm movement by Bengtsson and Niemczynowicz 1986) attempt to put areal reduction factor (ARF) estimation on a sounder scientific basis. However, they are generally based on assumptions that are not entirely true descriptions of the real rainfall process, which is a cause for concern and uncertainty regarding the results.…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of methods for deriving areal reduction factors

Svensson¹,

Jones²

2010

J Flood Risk Management

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The NERC and CEH trade marks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. The design of hydraulic structures requires knowledge of how much rain is likely to fall within a certain amount of time, and over a specific area. Point rainfalls are only representative for a very limited area, and for larger areas the areal average rainfall depth is likely to be much smaller than at the point of maximum observed depth. The estimation of areal reduction factors (ARFs) is concerned with the relationship between the point and areal rainfalls. This relationship has been found to vary with, for example, predominant weather type, season and return period. Traditionally, ARF estimates are based on empirical methods though, more recently, a range of analytical methods have been applied. The review has found that no method is unambiguously correct. However, the traditional data-intensive, empirical, fixed-area methods still have advantages, including probabilistically correct ARF estimates and applicability over a comprehensive range of spatial and temporal scales. Although the analytical techniques try to put ARF estimation on a sounder scientific basis, they tend to rely on simplified assumptions and/or are only applicable within limited scales. The use of radar is problematic because of inhomogeneities and short data records, as well as possible biases in the ARF estimates.

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Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of methods for deriving areal reduction factors

Svensson¹,

Jones²

2010

J Flood Risk Management

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“…Rodriguez-Iturbe and Mejia (1974) showed for a stationary isotropic spatial random field that κ 2 is the expected value of the correlation coefficient between any two points randomly chosen at distance h…”

Section: Extreme Precipitation At Different Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme daily precipitation in Western Europe with climate change at appropriate spatial scales

Booij

2002

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Extreme daily precipitation for the current and changed climate at appropriate spatial scales is assessed. This is done in the context of the impact of climate change on flooding in the river Meuse in Western Europe. The objective is achieved by determining and comparing extreme precipitation from stations, reanalysis projects, global climate models and regional climate models. An extreme value reduction methodology based on extreme precipitation correlation structure and surface area is used to deal with the transformation between different spatial scales. It appeared that return values are simulated quite well by the regional climate models and CSIRO9, but are underestimated by the reanalyses and overestimated by CGCM1 and HadCM3. The models simulated an average increase in extreme precipitation with climate change of about 18%, which is in the same range as the average model error and intermodel differences. The appropriate spatial scale for representing extreme precipitation was estimated at 20 km, when the bias permitted in the estimation of extreme precipitation is set at 10%. Downscaling modelled extreme precipitation to this appropriate scale results in considerable differences between reanalysis and GCM scale and appropriate scale return values. It is therefore obvious that return values at these appropriate scales should be used instead of at their original scales.

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“…Para que as análises sejam mais próximas da realidade de uma bacia hidrográfica é necessária uma ferramenta para transformação de informações pontuais em valores espaciais, quando a chuva é medida (RODRIGUEZ-ITURBE;MEJÍA, 1974). Neste contexto, uma série de ferramentas tem sido desenvolvidas e aplicadas com objetivo de estimar a precipitação média em uma área a partir de medidas pontuais, tais como: o Método de Thiessen (THIESSEN, 1911), o Método do Inverso do Quadrado das Distâncias (WEI;McGUINNES, 1973), o Multiquadric (HARDY, 1971) e o Método de Kriging (MATHERON, 1971).…”

Section: -Introduçãounclassified

Novo método para determinação do fator de redução de área aplicado em chuvas de projeto

Barbalho¹,

Formiga

2017

Cieng

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RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método para determinação do fator de redução de área (FRA), coeficiente empregado na estimativa de chuvas de projeto médias a partir de chuvas de projeto pontuais. Após uma revisão sobre o tema na literatura existente, foi verificada a necessidade do desenvolvimento de estudos regionais e a existência de lacunas nas atuais abordagens sobre o tema. Neste sentido, foi possível elaborar uma metodologia adequada à variabilidade espacial dos eventos extremos. Assim sendo, a nova metodologia sugerida, diferentemente do observado nas demais técnicas, se baseia fundamentalmente na avaliação objetiva da razão entre as chuvas extremas calculadas sobre diversas áreas e as chuvas extremas observadas nos postos centrais a estas áreas. Após sua estruturação, o modelo foi testado em uma implantação piloto com dados de uma rede pluviográfica instalada na região da Bacia do Córrego Botafogo, zona urbana de Goiânia, GO. Os resultados obtidos da aplicação direta da metodologia foram analisados quanto à dependência do FRA em relação às variáveis área, duração e ordem de magnitude (em referência ao período de retorno). A partir dos testes realizados foi possível identificar uma forte dependência dos resultados em relação à variação da área, uma dependência em relação à duração e a necessidade de estudos mais elaborados em relação à influência do período de retorno. Por fim, os valores de FRA obtidos após ajustes dos resultados foram comparados com os valores indicados por métodos empíricos mais difundidos. Conclui-se, a partir dos estudos, que a metodologia proposta é adequada para a obtenção do FRA, bem como seus resultados são compatíveis com os pressupostos pré-estabelecidos. Palavras-chave: chuva de projeto, espacialização da precipitação, fator de redução de área. ABSTRACTThe main objective of this work was to develop an area reduction factor (ARF) determination method, which is a coefficient applied to average rainfall estimates for projects, given rainfall at a point. After a review about the subject, it was verified the needs of developing regional studies and the existence of some deficiencies on current approaches. In this sense, it was tried to create an appropriate methodology given the spatial variability of extreme rainfall. Therefore, the new suggested method, differently from the observed in others techniques, is primarily based on objective assessment of the ratio between extreme average rainfall calculated above several areas and the extreme point rainfall observed in gauges located in the center of those areas. After structuring it, the proposed method was tested in a pilot implementation with data obtained from a raingauge network in the region of Córrego Botafogo Basin, urban area of Goiânia, GO. The results were analyzed regarding the dependence of ARF to area, duration and order of magnitude (in reference to the exceedance probability). It was found a strong relation with area, a minor with duration and the need of further studies about the exceedance probabil...

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On the transformation of point rainfall to areal rainfall

Cited by 148 publications

References 1 publication

Review of methods for deriving areal reduction factors

Review of methods for deriving areal reduction factors

Extreme daily precipitation in Western Europe with climate change at appropriate spatial scales

Novo método para determinação do fator de redução de área aplicado em chuvas de projeto

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