On the tip of the tongue: What causes word finding failures in young and older adults?

Burke, Deborah M.; MacKay, Donald G.; Worthley, Joanna S.; Wade, E. C. S.

doi:10.1016/0749-596x(91)90026-g

Cited by 821 publications

(1,066 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

947

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This joint activation contributes to how lexical items are selected, leading to both facilitation and interference depending on the relation between the words (Costa, 2005). Moreover, within monolingual processing, there is other evidence that lexical retrieval becomes more difficult with aging, especially if there is competition from distracting cues (Burke, MacKay, Worthley, & Wade, 1991;Burke & Shafto, 2008;Van der Linden et al, 1999;Wingfield & Stine-Morrow, 2000), but at present there is no evidence that the magnitude of these changes is different for monolinguals and bilinguals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals.

Bialystok

Craik

Luk

2008

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

634

771

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ninety-six participants, who were younger (20 years) or older (68 years) adults and either monolingual or bilingual, completed tasks assessing working memory, lexical retrieval, and executive control. Younger participants performed most of the tasks better than older participants, confirming the effect of aging on these processes. The effect of language group was different for each type of task: Monolinguals and bilinguals performed similarly on working memory tasks, monolinguals performed better on lexical retrieval tasks, and bilinguals performed better on executive control tasks, with some evidence for larger language group differences in older participants on the executive control tasks. These results replicate findings from individual studies obtained using only 1 type of task and different participants. The confirmation of this pattern in the same participants is discussed in terms of a suggested explanation of how the need to manage 2 language systems leads to these different outcomes for cognitive and linguistic functions.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals.

Bialystok

Craik

Luk

2008

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

634

771

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Experiment 2, we examined judgments of word frequency, a known indicator of fluency or accessibility (e.g., McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981). Although TOTs are thought to be more likely for low than high frequency words (e.g., Burke, MacKay, Worthley, & Wade, 1991), if participants assume that a TOT state indicates a heightened state of accessibility for an unretrieved word relative to when an unretrieved word elicits no TOT, participants may then infer from a TOT state a greater likelihood that the unretrieved word is of higher frequency relative to when a TOT does not occur.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

Mellers¹,

Stone²,

Atanasov³

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

126

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article extends psychological methods and concepts into a domain that is as profoundly consequential as it is poorly understood: intelligence analysis. We report findings from a geopolitical forecasting tournament that assessed the accuracy of more than 150,000 forecasts of 743 participants on 199 events occurring over 2 years. Participants were above average in intelligence and political knowledge relative to the general population. Individual differences in performance emerged, and forecasting skills were surprisingly consistent over time. Key predictors were (a) dispositional variables of cognitive ability, political knowledge, and openmindedness; (b) situational variables of training in probabilistic reasoning and participation in collaborative teams that shared information and discussed rationales (Mellers, Ungar, et al., 2014); and (c) behavioral variables of deliberation time and frequency of belief updating. We developed a profile of the best forecasters; they were better at inductive reasoning, pattern detection, cognitive flexibility, and open-mindedness. They had greater understanding of geopolitics, training in probabilistic reasoning, and opportunities to succeed in cognitively enriched team environments. Last but not least, they viewed forecasting as a skill that required deliberate practice, sustained effort, and constant monitoring of current affairs. A t APA, we understand how challenging it can be for you to stay abreast of the latest and best academic research on psychology. Disciplines Finance and Financial Management | Social and Behavioral Sciences

show abstract

“…One reason for this omission is that TOT states rarely occur spontaneously, perhaps as infrequently as once a week (Cocks et al, 2013;Brown, 1991). However, TOT states increase with age (Burke, MacKay, Worthley, & Wade, 1991) and so one method for exploring the types of gestures used by healthy participants would be to explore gesture use during TOT states by older adults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite evidence that TOT states increase with age (Burke, MacKay, Worthley, & Wade, 1991), no studies have investigated the impact of aging on the gesture which often accompanies such states (co-TOT gestures). Co-TOT gestures are a type of iconic gesture, which are those gestures which depict semantic information typically about the shape or function of the object.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

TOT phenomena: Gesture production in younger and older adults.

Theocharopoulou

Cocks

Pring

et al. 2015

Psychology and Aging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractThis study explored age-related changes in gesture in order to better understand the relationship between gesture and word retrieval from memory. The frequency of gestures during "Tip-of-the-Tongue" (TOT) states highlights this relationship. There is a lack of evidence describing the form and content of iconic gestures arising spontaneously in such TOT states, and a parallel gap addressing age-related variations. In this study, TOT states were induced in 45 participants from two age groups (older and younger adults) using a pseudoword paradigm. The type and frequency of gestures produced was recorded during two experimental conditions (single-word retrieval/ narrative task). We found that both groups experienced a high number of TOT states, during which they gestured. Iconic co-TOT gestures were more common than non-iconic gestures. Whilst there was no age-effect on the type of gestures produced, there was a significant, task-specific, age difference in the amount of gesturing. That is, younger adults gestured more in the narrative task, whereas older adults generated more gestures on the single-word retrieval task. Task-specific age differences suggest that there are age-related differences in terms of the cognitive operations involved in TOT gesture production.

show abstract

On the tip of the tongue: What causes word finding failures in young and older adults?

Cited by 821 publications

References 53 publications

Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals.

Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals.

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

TOT phenomena: Gesture production in younger and older adults.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About