On the time-course of adjacent and non-adjacent transposed-letter priming

Ktori, Maria; Kingma, Brechtsje; Hannagan, Thomas; Holcomb, Phillip J.; Grainger, Jonathan

doi:10.1080/20445911.2014.922092

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…When the participants made position errors, the target digits most often migrated to an adjacent position (either leftwards or rightwards), less often to farther positions. This effect parallels the adjacency effect in word reading (Ktori et al, 2014;Perea et al, 2008). The migration-by-position pattern (Fig.…”

Section: Summary Of Findingssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The strong tendency of digits to migrate to adjacent locations supports the notion that visual information leaks from each digit to the processes identifying the adjacent digits (Davis, 2010;Gomez et al, 2008;Ktori et al, 2014;Tydgat & Grainger, 2009). Such leaks could cause a digit to be incorrectly identified as its neighbor, and we would code this as adjacent migration.…”

Section: Interim Summarymentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Interference between adjacent digits presumably arises because the visual information of each digit leaks to the nearby positions (Davis, 2010;Gomez et al, 2008;Ktori et al, 2014;Tydgat & Grainger, 2009). Such visual leaks may underlie at least some cases of position error and can explain why adjacent position errors were so common in our data.…”

Section: Interference Between Adjacent Digitsmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Serial and syntactic processing in the visual analysis of multi-digit numbers

Dotan¹,

Eliahou²,

Cohen³

2020

Preprint

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The visual analysis of letter strings is a separate cognitive process from the analysis of digit strings. Recent studies have hypothesized that these processes are not only separate but also qualitatively different, in that they may encode information specific to numbers or to words. To examine this hypothesis and to shed further light on the visual analysis of numbers, we asked adults to read aloud multi-digit strings presented to them for brief durations. Their performance was better in digits on the number’s left side than in digits farther to the right, with better performance in the two outer digits than their neighbors. This indicates the digits were processed serially, from left to right. Visual similarity of digits increased the likelihood of errors, and when a digit migrated to an incorrect position, it was most often to an adjacent location. Interestingly, the positions of 0 and 1 were encoded better than the positions of 2-9, and 2-9 were identified better when they were next to 0 or 1. To accommodate these findings, we propose a detailed model for the visual analysis of digit strings. The model assumes imperfect digit detectors in which a digit’s visual information leaks to adjacent locations, and a compensation mechanism that inhibits this leakage. Crucially, the compensating inhibition is stronger for 0 and 1 than for the digits 2-9, presumably because of the importance of 0 and 1 in the number system. This sensitivity to 0 and 1 makes the visual analyzer specifically adapted to numbers, not words, and may be one of the brain’s reasons to implement the visual analysis of numbers and words in two separate cognitive processes.

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Section: Summary Of Findingssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Interim Summarymentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Interference Between Adjacent Digitsmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Serial and syntactic processing in the visual analysis of multi-digit numbers

Dotan¹,

Eliahou²,

Cohen³

2020

Preprint

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“…The increase in TL effects with age, on the other hand, suggests that the development of flexible orthographic processing is an essential part of becoming a fluent reader (Grainger et al, 2012; Grainger & Ziegler, 2011). It is hypothesized that the flexible representation of sublexical orthographic information provides a more efficient mapping of orthography onto semantics, while being one important source of TL effects (Grainger, Dufau, & Ziegler, 2016; Ktori, Kingma, Hannagan, Holcomb, & Grainger, 2014). In line with this account is the finding that children (Grades 2–4) with larger sight-word vocabularies (measured by the TOWRE, Torgesen, Wagner, & Rashotte, 1999) make more migration errors (e.g., beard read as bread ; Kohnen & Castles, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthographic and phonological processing in developing readers revealed by ERPs

et al. 2016

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The development of neurocognitive mechanisms in single word reading was studied in children ages 8–10 years using ERPs combined with priming manipulations aimed at dissociating orthographic and phonological processes. Transposed-letter (TL) priming (barin–BRAIN vs. bosin–BRAIN) was used to assess orthographic processing, and pseudohomophone (PH) priming (brane–BRAIN vs. brant–BRAIN) was used to assess phonological processing. Children showed TL and PH priming effects on both the N250 and N400 ERP components, and the magnitude of TL priming correlated positively with reading ability, with better readers showing larger TL priming effects. Phonological priming, on the other hand, did not correlate with reading ability. The positive correlations between TL priming and reading ability in children points to a key role for flexible sublexical orthographic representations in reading development, in line with their hypothesized role in the efficient mapping of orthographic information onto semantic information in skilled readers.

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“…For these reasons, the sandwich priming procedure has already been employed in several studies researching orthographic processes so far (e.g. Ktori, Grainger, Dufau, & Holcomb, 2012;Ktori, Kingma, Hannagan, Holcomb, & Grainger, 2014;Lupker, Zhang, Perry, & Davis, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The sandwich priming paradigm does not reduce lexical competitor effects.

Trifonova

Adelman

2018

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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We investigated the mechanisms underlying sandwich priming, a procedure in which a brief preprime target presentation precedes the conventional mask-prime-target sequence, used to study orthographic similarity. Lupker and Davis (2009) showed the sandwich paradigm enhances orthographic priming effects: With primes moderately related to targets, sandwich priming produced significant facilitation, but conventional priming did not. They argued that unlike conventional priming, sandwich priming is not susceptible to an uncontrolled counteractive inhibitory process, lexical competition, that cancels out moderate facilitation effects. They suggest lexical competition is eliminated by preactivating the target's representation, privileging the target over similar lexical units (competitors). As such, it better measures orthographic relatedness between primes and targets, a key purpose of many priming studies. We tested whether elimination of lexical competition could indeed account for the observed orthographic priming boost with sandwich priming. In three lexical decision experiments and accompanying simulations with a competitive network model, we compared priming effects in three preprime procedures: no preprime (conventional), identity (target) preprime (sandwich), and competitor preprime (included to exacerbate lexical competition). The related prime conditions consisted of replaced-letters, shared neighbor (one-letter-different from both competitor preprime and target), and transposed-all-letter nonword primes. Contrary to the model's predictions, the competitor preprime did not attenuate (Experiment 1) or even reverse the priming effect (Experiment 2). Moreover, the competitor enabled facilitatory priming that was absent with no preprime (Experiment 3). These data suggested that the sandwich orthographic boost could not be attributed to reduced lexical competition but rather to prelexical processes in word recognition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

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On the time-course of adjacent and non-adjacent transposed-letter priming

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

Serial and syntactic processing in the visual analysis of multi-digit numbers

Serial and syntactic processing in the visual analysis of multi-digit numbers

Orthographic and phonological processing in developing readers revealed by ERPs

The sandwich priming paradigm does not reduce lexical competitor effects.

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