On the time course of rapid and repeatable response induction

Jarmolowicz, David P.; Hudnall, Jennifer L.; Darden, Alexandria C.; Lemley, Shea M.; Sofis, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2015.08.010

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…79 These generalization gradients are consistently observed, with spatial learning failures manifest as wider and less focused gradients. 93 The present experiment examined these generalization gradients in rats treated with carboplatin versus saline vehicle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…When the rats poked their noses to a target preselected by the investigator, a food reward was delivered. This paradigm consistently results in Gaussian response distributions centered on the target location, with steeper Gaussian functions indicating more robust spatial learning Figure shows the spread of responses to nontarget nose pokes (A), responses at the nontarget positions, 2 and 4 (B), overall rates of nose pokes (C), and rats’ weights during the testing phase (D).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This paradigm consistently results in Gaussian response distributions centered on the target location, with steeper Gaussian functions indicating more robust spatial learning. 79 Figure 6 shows the spread of responses to nontarget nose pokes (A), responses at the nontarget positions, 2 and 4 (B), overall rates of nose pokes (C), and rats’ weights during the testing phase (D). As can be seen, the responses to nontarget nose poke locations (expressed as a proportion of the rate of nose pokes on the target location) fit well into a Gaussian function for rats treated with saline ( r 2 = 0.99) and 20 mg/kg carboplatin ( r 2 = 0.96).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within an operant learning framework, if an organism is reinforced for responding on a particular target within a horizontally arranged array, patterns of responding are Gaussian in form and centered on the target response . These generalization gradients are consistently observed, with spatial learning failures manifest as wider and less focused gradients .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Impaired Brain Dopamine and Serotonin Release and Uptake in Wistar Rats Following Treatment with Carboplatin

Kaplan¹,

Limbocker²,

Gehringer³

et al. 2016

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, known also as “chemobrain”, is a medical complication of cancer treatment that is characterized by a general decline in cognition affecting visual and verbal memory, attention, complex problem solving skills, and motor function. It is estimated that one-third of patients who undergo chemotherapy treatment will experience cognitive impairment. Alterations in the release and uptake of dopamine and serotonin, central nervous system neurotransmitters that play important roles in cognition, could potentially contribute to impaired intellectual performance in those impacted by chemobrain. To investigate how chemotherapy treatment affects these systems, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber microelectrodes was used to measure dopamine and serotonin release and uptake in coronal brain slices containing the striatum and dorsal raphe nucleus, respectively. Measurements were taken from rats treated weekly with selected doses of carboplatin and from control rats treated with saline. Modeling the stimulated dopamine release plots revealed an impairment of dopamine release per stimulus pulse (80% of saline control at 5 mg/kg and 58% at 20 mg/kg) after 4 weeks of carboplatin treatment. Moreover, Vmax, the maximum uptake rate of dopamine, was also decreased (55% of saline control at 5 mg/kg and 57% at 20 mg/kg). Nevertheless, overall dopamine content, measured in striatal brain lysates by high performance liquid chromatography, and reserve pool dopamine, measured by FSCV after pharmacological manipulation, did not significantly change, suggesting that chemotherapy treatment selectively impairs the dopamine release and uptake processes. Similarly, serotonin release upon electrical stimulation was impaired (45% of saline control at 20 mg/kg). Measurements of spatial learning discrimination were taken throughout the treatment period and carboplatin was found to alter cognition. These studies support the need for additional neurochemical and behavioral analyses to identify the underlying mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced cognitive disorders.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impaired Brain Dopamine and Serotonin Release and Uptake in Wistar Rats Following Treatment with Carboplatin

Kaplan¹,

Limbocker²,

Gehringer³

et al. 2016

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the one hand, the subcriterion responses may be due to the spreading effects of reinforcement, more commonly termed induction or response generalization (Segal, ). Induction has been reported across several dimensions of behavior, including spatial position (Eckerman & Lanson, ; Escobar & Bruner, ; Jarmolowicz, Hudnall, Darden, Lemley, & Sofis, ), interresponse times (Shimp, ), and force and amplitude (Di Lollo, Ensminger, & Notterman, ; Hefferline & Keenan, ; Notterman & Mintz, ). The peaked distributions we obtained are suggestive of a spreading effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aversive functions of response effort: Fact or artifact?

Pinkston

Libman

2017

J Exper Analysis Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Historically, effort has been viewed as aversive. Most supporting evidence comes from studies demonstrating increased force/effort requirements reduce operant responding. Changes in force/effort requirements, however, are often accompanied by changes in response definition when mechanical devices are used to define the response. As a consequence, responses measured at one point in a study may go unmeasured at other points. In an alternative approach, we used a continuous measurement strategy that provided a means to fix the threshold force defining the response class and simultaneously allowed independent manipulation of the force criteria required to produce reinforcement. Rats pressed a force transducer according to a fixed-ratio 5 schedule of food delivery. The criterion force was systematically increased and decreased; the threshold for response detection was constant. When response rates included only criterion responses, overall rate decreased when force requirements increased. By contrast, when all responses, both those meeting force criteria and those that did not (above the threshold but below the criteria for reinforcement) were included in the rate calculation, increases in force increased response rate. Increases in force criteria also increased the maximum force (g) and time-integral of force (g-s) of operant behavior. Control conditions showed increases in responding could be explained by the emergence of subcriterion responses, irrespective of force. We conclude that prior results showing effort decreases response rates are due to an artifact arising from inadvertent changes in response definitions. Increases in effort may better be understood as changes in the response:reinforcer payoff owing to the emergence of a subcriterion response class.

show abstract

Noncriterial behavioral variability and related topographic bias in humans

Jones

Mechner²

2020

European Journal of Behavior Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

On the time course of rapid and repeatable response induction

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Impaired Brain Dopamine and Serotonin Release and Uptake in Wistar Rats Following Treatment with Carboplatin

Impaired Brain Dopamine and Serotonin Release and Uptake in Wistar Rats Following Treatment with Carboplatin

Aversive functions of response effort: Fact or artifact?

Noncriterial behavioral variability and related topographic bias in humans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About