On the three-dimensional structure of quick-frozen hepatic mallory bodies with special reference to the appearance of cytoplasmic vesicles.

Irie, Tetsuya; Koyama, Wataru; Ikeuchi, Yôko; Kanaseki, Takeshi

doi:10.1247/csf.16.1

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…It has been shown to bind to these proteins rather than to tubulin dimer (220). This has led to a hypothesis of tanglement of cytokeratins due to a primary microtubular disturbance, with subsequent trapping of microtubule-associated proteins so that cytoplasmic tubulin dimers cannot form a tubular structure (15). Other MB-inducing chemicals include colchicine (2211, dieldrin (222) and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-l,4-dihydrocollidine (223).…”

Section: Mbs and Chemicals So Far Mbs Have Only Beenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mallory body: Morphological, clinical and experimental studies (part 1 of a literature survey)

Jensen¹,

Gluud²

1994

Hepatology

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To aid understanding of markers of disease and predictors of outcome in alcohol-exposed systems, we undertook a literature survey of more than 700 articles to view the morphological characteristics and the clinical and experimental epidemiology of the Mallory body. Mallory bodies are filaments of intermediate diameter that contain intermediate filament components (e.g., cytokeratins) observable by conventional light microscopy or immunohistochemical methods, identical in structure regardless of initiating factors or putative pathogenesis. Although three morphological types can be identified under electron microscopy (with fibrillar structure parallel, random or absent), they remain stereotypical manifestations of hepatocyte injury. A summary of the conditions associated with Mallory bodies in the literature and their validity and potential etiological relationships is presented and discussed, including estimates on the combined light microscopic and immunohistochemical prevalences and kinetics. Emphasis is placed on proper confounder control (in particular, alcohol history), which is highly essential but often inadequate. These conditions include (mean prevalence of Mallory bodies in parentheses): Indian childhood cirrhosis (73%), alcoholic hepatitis (65%), alcoholic cirrhosis (51%), Wilson's disease (25%), primary biliary cirrhosis (24%), nonalcoholic cirrhosis (24%), hepatocellular carcinoma (23%), morbid obesity (8%) and intestinal bypass surgery (6%). Studies in alcoholic hepatitis strongly suggest a hit-and-run effect of alcohol, whereas other chronic liver diseases show evidence of gradual increase in prevalence of Mallory bodies with severity of hepatic pathology. Mallory bodies in cirrhosis do not imply alcoholic pathogenesis. Obesity, however, is associated with alcoholism and diabetes, and Mallory bodies are only present in diabetic patients if alcoholism or obesity complicates the condition. In addition, case studies on diseases in which Mallory bodies have been identified, along with pharmacological side effects and experimental induction of Mallory bodies by various antimitotic and oncogenic chemicals, are presented. Mallory bodies occur only sporadically in abetalipoproteinemia, von Gierke's disease and focal nodular hyperplasia and during hepatitis due to calcium antagonists or perhexiline maleate. Other conditions and clinical drug side effects are still putative. Finally, a variety of experimental drugs have been developed that cause Mallory body formation, but markedly different cell dynamics and metabolic pathways may raise questions about the relevance of such animal models for human Mallory body formation. In conclusion, the Mallory body is indicative but not pathognomonic of alcohol involvement. A discussion on theories of development and pathological significance transcending the clinical frameworks will be presented in a future paper.

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Section: Mbs and Chemicals So Far Mbs Have Only Beenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mallory body: Morphological, clinical and experimental studies (part 1 of a literature survey)

Jensen¹,

Gluud²

1994

Hepatology

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“…Unfortunately, the wealth of beautiful freeze-etch data that Kanaseki generated using this 'ultra-highvacuum' approach may never be fully appreciated, because he published so little of it. A tantalizing subset of his works may be found in [117][118][119][120][121][122].…”

Section: Enter the 'Perfectionists'mentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins and evolution of freeze-etch electron microscopy

Heuser

2011

Microscopy

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The introduction of the Balzers freeze-fracture machine by Moor in 1961 had a much greater impact on the advancement of electron microscopy than he could have imagined. Devised originally to circumvent the dangers of classical thin-section techniques, as well as to provide unique en face views of cell membranes, freeze-fracturing proved to be crucial for developing modern concepts of how biological membranes are organized and proved that membranes are bilayers of lipids within which proteins float and self-assemble. Later, when freeze-fracturing was combined with methods for freezing cells that avoided the fixation and cryoprotection steps that Moor still had to use to prepare the samples for his original invention, it became a means for capturing membrane dynamics on the millisecond time-scale, thus allowing a deeper understanding of the functions of biological membranes in living cells as well as their static ultrastructure. Finally, the realization that unfixed, non-cryoprotected samples could be deeply vacuum-etched or even freeze-dried after freezefracturing opened up a whole new way to image all the other molecular components of cells besides their membranes and also provided a powerful means to image the interactions of all the cytoplasmic components with the various membranes of the cell. The purpose of this review is to outline the history of these technical developments, to describe how they are being used in electron microscopy today and to suggest how they can be improved in order to further their utility for biological electron microscopy in the future.

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Ultrastructure of quick‐frozen and freeze‐substituted chick osteoclasts

Akisaka¹,

Miyaji²,

Yoshida³

et al. 1997

Journal of Anatomy

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For comparison with chemically fixed osteoclasts, we prepared chick osteoclasts by quick freezing followed by freeze-substitution. In spite of technical difficulties this demonstrated that osteoclasts can be satisfactorily frozen in situ by the metal contact method. Ultrastructural differences were revealed between conventional fixation and quick freezing. Compared with conventional fixation, the quick freezing method appeared to improve preservation : (1) a discrete trilaminar plasma membrane and other intracellular membranes showed a smooth profile without undulation or rupture ; (2) cytoskeletal components appeared to be clearer, straighter, and more numerous ; (3) the interior of the ruffled finger contained interconnected lattice structures whereas highly organised microfilaments were seen in the clear zone ; (4) well developed tubulovesicular structures (TVSs) that branched or anastomosed with each other were revealed in the cytoplasm ; (5) the contents of intracellular membrane systems including the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex were stained to a various extent ; (6) vesicles and vacuoles were much smaller, round and well-defined with electron-dense contents ; (7) crystalline structures were seen at the extracellular channels of the ruffled border, in the lumen of TVSs, and in vesicles ; (8) in some instances mitochondrial granules were visible ; (9) within the resorptive lacuna, osteoclasts adhered to the degraded bone matrix without any intervening empty space.

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On the three-dimensional structure of quick-frozen hepatic mallory bodies with special reference to the appearance of cytoplasmic vesicles.

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

The mallory body: Morphological, clinical and experimental studies (part 1 of a literature survey)

The mallory body: Morphological, clinical and experimental studies (part 1 of a literature survey)

The origins and evolution of freeze-etch electron microscopy

Ultrastructure of quick‐frozen and freeze‐substituted chick osteoclasts

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