On the theory of time dilation in chemical kinetics

Abstract

The rates of chemical reactions are not absolute but their magnitude depends upon the relative speeds of the moving observers. This has been proved by unifying basic theories of chemical kinetics, which are transition state theory, collision theory, RRKM and Marcus theory, with the special theory of relativity. Boltzmann constant and energy spacing between permitted quantum levels of molecules are quantum mechanically proved to be Lorentz variant. The relativistic statistical thermodynamics has been developed to explain quasi-equilibrium existing between reactants and activated complex. The newly formulated Lorentz transformation of the rate constant from Arrhenius equation, of the collision frequency and of the Eyring and Marcus equations renders the rate of reaction to be Lorentz variant. For a moving observer moving at fractions of the speed of light along the reaction coordinate, the transition state possess less kinetic energy to sweep translation over it. This results in the slower transformation of reactants into products and in a stretched time frame for the chemical reaction to complete. Lorentz transformation of the half-life equation explains time dilation of the half-life period of chemical reactions and proves special theory of relativity and presents theory in accord with each other. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the present theory, the enzymatic reaction of methylamine dehydrogenase and radioactive disintegration of Astatine into Bismuth are considered as numerical examples.

Relativistic Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Electrode Processes

“…As free energy is proved to be Lorentz variant i.e. = , 3 it is observed to be less for moving observer. Since according to special theory of relativity laws of physics holds good in all inertial frames.…”

“…2 Recently relativistic thermodynamics and kinetics have been formulated to explain time dilation for chemical reactions in a moving frame of reference. 3 Time dilation is one of the basic foundations of special theory of relativity. 4 In relativistic theory of chemical kinetics Lorentz transformation of rate constant and thermodynamic state functions have been formulated which are compatible with time dilation phenomenon, which is an experimentally verified fact.…”

On the One‐Dimensional Transition State Theory and the Relation between Statistical and Deterministic Oscillation Frequencies of Anharmonic Energy Wells

“…[15] Interestingly, rate theories have also been generalized to consider relativistic effects and, in particular, the effects of time dilation in chemical kinetics and the coupling effect between electronic states with different spin multiplicities. [16][17][18] Interestingly, such effects seem to be observable at the macroscopic scale. [16][17][18] For this reason, we adopt both classical and relativistic equations of motion in this work.…”

“…[16][17][18] Interestingly, such effects seem to be observable at the macroscopic scale. [16][17][18] For this reason, we adopt both classical and relativistic equations of motion in this work.…”

Relativistic State Functions from a Time Dilation Perspective

“…Since Boltzmann constant has already been quantum-mechanically proved Lorentz variant i.e. [5]. So substituting Lorentz transformation of Boltzmann constant in Eq.…”