On the theory of the adhesive friction of elastomers

Chernyak, Yuri B.; Leonov, A. I.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(86)90092-x

Cited by 130 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Schallamach's initial model of polymer friction was applied by Stejin in 1968 to interpret the measured friction properties of PTFE [79], while his bond-breaking and reforming model was considerably refined in 1986 by Chernyak and Leonov to take account of the actual force-extension properties of polymer chains and the way that momentum is transferred from polymer to surface during this stretching process [80].…”

Section: Polymer Frictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-augmented thermal activation: Tribology feels the force

2018

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Abstract:In stress-augmented thermal activation, the activation energy barrier that controls the rate of atomic and molecular processes is reduced by the application of stress, with the result that the rate of these processes increases exponentially with applied stress. This concept has particular relevance to Tribology, and since its development in the early twentieth century, it has been applied to develop important models of plastic flow, sliding friction, rheology, wear, and tribochemistry. This paper reviews the development of stress-augmented thermal activation and its application to all of these areas of Tribology. The strengths and limitations of the approach are then discussed and future directions considered. From the scientific point of view, the concept of stress-augmented thermal activation is important since it enables the development of models that describe macroscale tribological performance, such as friction coefficient or tribofilm formation, in terms of the structure and behaviour of individual atoms and molecules. This both helps us understand these processes at a fundamental level and also provides tools for the informed design of lubricants and surfaces.

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Section: Polymer Frictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-augmented thermal activation: Tribology feels the force

2018

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“…1, where rubber polymer chains at the interface attach to the moving countersurface, stretches, detaches, relaxes, and reattaches to the surface to repeat the cycle (similar models have been studied in Ref. [6,7]). During each cycle, the elastic energy stored in the polymer chain is dissipated as heat during the (rapid) detachment and relaxation phase, and this is assumed to be the origin of the (macroscopic) friction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber friction on smooth surfaces

2006

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We study the sliding friction for viscoelastic solids, e.g., rubber, on hard flat substrate surfaces. We consider first the fluctuating shear stress inside a viscoelastic solid which result from the thermal motion of the atoms or molecules in the solid. At the nanoscale the thermal fluctuations are very strong and give rise to stress fluctuations in the MPa-range, which is similar to the depinning stresses which typically occur at solid-rubber interfaces, indicating the crucial importance of thermal fluctuations for rubber friction on smooth surfaces. We develop a detailed model which takes into account the influence of thermal fluctuations on the depinning of small contact patches (stress domains) at the rubber-substrate interface. The theory predict that the velocity dependence of the macroscopic shear stress has a bell-shaped form, and that the low-velocity side exhibit the same temperature dependence as the bulk viscoelastic modulus, in qualitative agreement with experimental data. Finally, we discuss the influence of small-amplitude substrate roughness on rubber sliding friction.

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“…Through their plastic junction theory of friction, Bowden & Tabor [33] put forward the basic ideas that adhesion is the main source of friction between two dry bodies, and that surface roughness plays only a secondary role. Researchers [34] explicitly mention that the Amontons-Coulomb law is not applicable to elastomeric friction on a smooth solid surface, which is essentially adhesive in nature. They explain the adhesive friction of elastomers through the formation and breakage of adhesive linking chains, which bind the polymeric body to a solid surface as a stationary stochastic process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free and constrained inflation of a pre-stretched cylindrical membrane

2014

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This paper presents the free and constrained inflation of a pre-stretched hyperelastic cylindrical membrane and a subsequent constrained deflation. The membrane material is assumed as a homogeneous and isotropic Mooney-Rivlin solid. The constraining soft cylindrical substrate is assumed to be a distributed linear stiffness normal to the undeformed surface. Both frictionless and adhesive contact are modelled during the inflation as an interaction between the dry surfaces of the membrane and the substrate. An adhesive contact is modelled during deflation. The free and constrained inflation yields governing equations and boundary conditions, which are solved by a finite difference method in combination with a fictitious time integration method. Continuity in the principal stretches and stresses at the contact boundary is dependent on the contact conditions and inflation-deflation phase. The pre-stretch has a counterintuitive softening effect on free and constrained inflation. The variation of limit point pressures with pre-stretch and the occurrence of a cusp point is shown. Interesting trends are observed in the stretch and stress distributions after the interaction of the membrane with soft substrate, which underlines the effect of material parameters, pre-stretch and constraining properties.

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On the theory of the adhesive friction of elastomers

Cited by 130 publications

References 8 publications

Stress-augmented thermal activation: Tribology feels the force

Stress-augmented thermal activation: Tribology feels the force

Rubber friction on smooth surfaces

Free and constrained inflation of a pre-stretched cylindrical membrane

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