On the termination of the circumflex veins of the thigh

Abstract

ONE FIGUREConcerning the circumflex veins of the thigh, the relative infrequency of agreement between the text-book description and the condition seen in the cadaver has led to a reexamination of the mode of ending of these blood vessels. Special attention has been given to the comparison of conditions in the white and the American negro. The manner of termination of these veins has been compared also with the origins of the arteries they accompany.I n the text-books of anatomy the medial and lateral femoral circumflex veins are described as terminating in the deep femoral vein-a relation comparable to the origins of the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries from the deep femoral artery ( Cunningham, Gray, Poirier, and Quain). I n both Cunningham and Poirier, however, it is stated that not uncommonly the femoral vein is joined by the medial and lateral circumflex veins. Clear illustrations of the terminations of the medial and lateral femoral circumflex veins are relatively scarce, but in the atlases of Sobotta, Toldt, and Spalteholz the plates show plainly the terminations in the femoral vein. This mode of ending was described by Theile ( '43), and by Picqu6 and Pigache ( '09), who report that in the majority of cases studied by them the circumflex veins terminate in the femoral vein. These investigators also found that the ending of the veins is a t a level proximal to that of the origin of the corresponding circumflex arteries.

The medial circumflex femoral artery origin variability and its radiological and surgical intervention significance

“…Based on series study as well as current study, the origin of the medial circumflex femoral artery is more commonly from the deep femoral artery (Clarke & Colborn 1993 ; Quain 1844 ; Lipshutz 1918 ; Suder & Nizankowski 1935 ; Marcade et al 1978 ; Siddharth et al 1985 ; Emura et al 1989 ; Massoud & Fletcher 1997 ; Gautier et al 2000 ; Dixit et al 2001 ; Başar et al 2002 ; Tanyeli et al 2006 ; Samarawickrama et al 2009 ; Prakash et al 2010 ; Dixita et al 2011 ; Lalović et al 2013 ; Peera & Sugavasi 2013 ; Shiny Vinila et al 2013 ). Whereas in other studies, the origin of the medial circumflex femoral artery is more commonly from the femoral artery (Srb 1860 ; Auburtin 1905 ; Adachi 1928 ; Charles et al 1930 ; Williams et al 1934 ; Ming-Tzu 1937 ; Chand & Singh 1951 ; Keen 1961 ; Videau et al 1964 ; Gremigni 1968 ; Leborgne et al 1974 ; Guillot et al 1979 ; Vazquez et al 2007 ; Colborn et al 1995 ) (Table 4 ). Therefore, the incidence medial circumflex femoral artery arises from either the common or deep femoral artery is inconstant.…”

“…The second group, the medial circumflex femoral arteries originated from the common femoral artery (Perera 1995 ) (Figure A). According to series studies, the medial circumflex femoral artery arose from the deep femoral artery in different incidence ranging from 12% to 85.7% (Clarke & Colborn 1993 ; Lippert & Pabst 1985 ; Quain 1844 ; Srb 1860 ; Auburtin 1905 ; Lipshutz 1918 ; Adachi 1928 ; Charles et al 1930 ; Williams et al 1934 ; Suder & Nizankowski 1935 ; Ming-Tzu 1937 ; Chand & Singh 1951 ; Keen 1961 ; Videau et al 1964 ; Gremigni 1968 ; Leborgne et al 1974 ; Marcade et al 1978 ; Guillot et al 1979 ; Siddharth et al 1985 ; Emura et al 1989 ; Massoud & Fletcher 1997 ; Gautier et al 2000 ; Dixit et al 2001 ; Başar et al 2002 ; Tanyeli et al 2006 ; Vazquez et al 2007 ; Samarawickrama et al 2009 ; Prakash et al 2010 ; Dixita et al 2011 ; Lalović et al 2013 ; Peera & Sugavasi 2013 ; Shiny Vinila et al 2013 ) (Table 4 ). In present study, the medial circumflex femoral artery arose from the deep femoral artery in 57% (Table 1 ).…”

Patterns of the circumflex femoral arteries revisited

“…Later, an even more complex classification of six possible types and three subtypes was created. Unfortunately, the initial classification was completely forgotten, while the latter one has occasionally been remembered by some authors, and new criteria for types or patterns have continued to be proposed based on it (Charles et al, 1930;Baird and Cope, 1933;Ming-Tzu, 1937;Chand and Singh, 1951;Videau et al, 1964;Leborgne et al, 1974;Marcade et al, 1978;Guillot et al, 1979;Lengua et al, 1980). The aim of this work was thus to propose a simplified and unified classification useful to clinicians by systematically reviewing the literature and including our own results, which are based on a large homogeneous sample of human cadavers.…”