On the tensile behaviour of filled composites

Ramsteiner, F.; Theysohn, R.

doi:10.1016/0010-4361(84)90723-7

Cited by 83 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Fillers with plate-like geometry like talc, mica, or layered silicates reinforce polymers more than spherical fillers and the influence of glass fibers is expected to be even stronger (see Fig. 3) [9,57,102]. However, based on published papers, it is difficult to obtain a clear picture about the effect of particle characteristics on composite properties for anisotropic fillers.…”

Section: Particle Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large variety of materials are used as fillers in composites. Besides CaCO3 and carbon black (see Table 1) a large number of other materials like mica [63,73,95], short [96][97][98] and long glass fibers [99,100], glass beads [101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110], sepiolite [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], magnesium and aluminum hydroxide [111][112][113], wood flour and cellulose [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][115][116][117], wollastonite [102,[118][119][120], gy...…”

Section: Filler Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate Fillers in Thermoplastics

Móczó

Pukánszky

2017

Fillers for Polymer Applications

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The characteristics of particulate filled thermoplastics are determined by four factors: component properties, composition, structure and interfacial interactions. The most important filler characteristics are particle size, size distribution, specific surface area and particle shape, while the main matrix property is stiffness. Segregation, aggregation and the orientation of anisotropic particles determine structure. Interfacial interactions lead to the formation of a stiff interphase considerably influencing properties. Interactions are changed by surface modification, which must be always system specific and selected according to its 2 goal. Under the effect of external load inhomogeneous stress distribution develops around heterogeneities, which initiate local micromechanical deformation processes determining the macroscopic properties of the composites. INTRODUCTUIONParticulate filled polymers are used in very large quantities in all kinds of applications. The total consumption of fillers in Europe alone is currently estimated as 4.8 million tons (Table 1) [6]. In spite of the overwhelming interest in nanocomposites, biomaterials and natural fiber reinforced composites, considerable research and development is done on particulate filled polymers even today. The reason for the continuing interest in traditional composites lays, among others, in the changed role of particulate fillers. In the early days fillers were added to the polymer to decrease price.However, the ever increasing technical and aesthetical requirements as well as soaring material and compounding costs require the utilization of all possible advantages of fillers.Fillers increase stiffness and heat deflection temperature, decrease shrinkage and improve the appearance of the composites [9][10][11][12][13]. Productivity can be also increased in most thermoplastic processing technologies due to their decreased specific heat and increased heat conductivity [9,10,[14][15][16][17]. Fillers are very often introduced into the polymer to create new functional properties not possessed by the matrix polymer at all like flame retardancy or conductivity [18][19][20][21]. Another reason for the considerable research activity is that new fillers and reinforcements emerge continuously among others layered silicates [7,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], wood flour [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], sepiolite [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], etc.The properties of all heterogeneous polymer systems are determined by the same four factors: component properties, composition, structure and interfacial interactions [9,50]. Although certain fillers and reinforcements including layered silicates, other nanofillers, or natural fibers possess special characteristics, the effect of these four factors is universal and valid for all particulate filled materials. As a consequence, in this paper 3 we focus our attention on them and discuss the most important theoretical and practical aspects of composite preparation and use accordingly. The general rules of h...

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Section: Particle Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Filler Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Fillers in Thermoplastics

Móczó

Pukánszky

2017

Fillers for Polymer Applications

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“…These studies have shown that particle size [3,[7][8][9], shape [10], and concentration [11] and properties of the constituents can affect mechanical properties. In Al 2 O 3 particle-filled epoxy (Epon 828/Z), increasing the particle concentration and decreasing the particle size is found to increase the stress corresponding to 4% plastic strain [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Based Multi-Phase Particulate Composites

Jordan¹,

Spowart²

2013

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“…By using certain coupling agents which promote the adhesion between two different materials, the interaction can be improved and optimum mechanical properties can be achieved. l 4 9 l 5 In some cases, the mechanical properties of the composites can be predicted from basic principles. However, sufficient knowledge about polymer-filler interaction does not exist; hence, to determine the property changes, experimental methods are generally used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of perlite‐filled high‐density polyethylenes. I. Mechanical properties

Akin-Öktem

Ti̇nçer

1994

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SYNOPSISFour different types of high-density polyethylenes (HDPE) were blended with perlite at different concentrations. Silane coupling agent y-aminopropyltriethoxy silane ( y-APS, A-1100) was used to enhance the adhesion between perlite and HDPEs. Ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus increased as the perlite content increased, while ultimate elongations decreased with the increasing amount of perlite. Exceptional variations in the measured properties are explained in terms of the differences in polyethylenes used in the composites. The biggest improvement in ultimate tensile strength was observed in the highly crystalline polyethylene; on the other hand, in the absence of silane coupling agent the high molecular weight polyethylene showed the least improvement in tensile strength. The effect of branching in HDPE composites was demonstrated. The enhancement of interfacial adhesion by using a coupling agent was also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . 0 INTRODUCTIONThe mechanical and other characteristic properties of composites are vital for designing materials, and the prediction of these properties from the filler and matrix properties has considerable importance. Filler characteristics such as type of filler, 1-5 size and size distribution, 6,7 shape, 1,4,5*8 and concentration'-" have been shown to affect the mechanical and other properties of the composites. Polymer characteristics influencing the mechanical properties of the composites can be summarized as molecular weight, l 2 degree of branching or crosslinking,2 and crystallinity and m~rphology.'~.~~ Regarding the variation and enhancement of the mechanical properties in a composite material, the key point is the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the filler. The most crucial factor which directly influences the mechanical properties is the strength and the weakness of the load transfer between the polymer and the filler and, therefore, the * To whom correspondence should be addressed. CCC 0021-8995/94/081103-12 interfacial adhesion. By using certain coupling agents which promote the adhesion between two different materials, the interaction can be improved and optimum mechanical properties can be achieved. l 4 9 l 5In some cases, the mechanical properties of the composites can be predicted from basic principles. However, sufficient knowledge about polymer-filler interaction does not exist; hence, to determine the property changes, experimental methods are generally used. These properties are generally modulus, ultimate properties, yield stress, impact strength, and flexural properties.Modulus, which is a bulk property, depends primarily on the geometry, 4,5 particle size, 6,7 and concentration 1-7,9-12 of the filler and can be described by several equations.'6-20 In general, modulus (stiffness) increases with the addition of filler because flexing of the matrix is prevented by the relatively high modulus filler particles.By definition, the ultimate tensile strength of composites is described as the maximum achievable stre...

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On the tensile behaviour of filled composites

Cited by 83 publications

References 17 publications

Particulate Fillers in Thermoplastics

Particulate Fillers in Thermoplastics

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Based Multi-Phase Particulate Composites

Preparation and characterization of perlite‐filled high‐density polyethylenes. I. Mechanical properties

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