On the systematic scaling and merging of multiple datasets in macromolecular crystallography

Foadi, James; Alguel, Yilmaz; Armour, Wes; Axford, D.; Cameron, A. F.; Owen, Robin L.; Evans, Gary B.

doi:10.1107/s0108767311095997

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“…Microfocus beamlines combined with modern developments in sample handling [121] , sample visualization [122] , automatic crystal centering [123,124] , cryo-cooling systems [125,126] , fast readout detectors [127–129] , new data collection strategies [130] and the appearance of new algorithms for merging data collected from different crystals [131] have recently yielded many novel high-resolution membrane protein structures ( http://blanco.biomol.uci.edu/mpstruc/listAll/list ). In fact, all GPCR structures in the past few years have been solved using microfocus beamlines.…”

Section: Synchrotron Radiation In Membrane Protein Structure Determinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane protein structure determination — The next generation

Moraes

Evans

Sánchez-Weatherby

et al. 2014

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes

210

157

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The field of Membrane Protein Structural Biology has grown significantly since its first landmark in 1985 with the first three-dimensional atomic resolution structure of a membrane protein. Nearly twenty-six years later, the crystal structure of the beta2 adrenergic receptor in complex with G protein has contributed to another landmark in the field leading to the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. At present, more than 350 unique membrane protein structures solved by X-ray crystallography (http://blanco.biomol.uci.edu/mpstruc/exp/list, Stephen White Lab at UC Irvine) are available in the Protein Data Bank. The advent of genomics and proteomics initiatives combined with high-throughput technologies, such as automation, miniaturization, integration and third-generation synchrotrons, has enhanced membrane protein structure determination rate. X-ray crystallography is still the only method capable of providing detailed information on how ligands, cofactors, and ions interact with proteins, and is therefore a powerful tool in biochemistry and drug discovery. Yet the growth of membrane protein crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction studies amazingly remains a fine art and a major bottleneck in the field. It is often necessary to apply as many innovative approaches as possible. In this review we draw attention to the latest methods and strategies for the production of suitable crystals for membrane protein structure determination. In addition we also highlight the impact that third-generation synchrotron radiation has made in the field, summarizing the latest strategies used at synchrotron beamlines for screening and data collection from such demanding crystals. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Structural and biophysical characterisation of membrane protein-ligand binding.

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