On the synthesis and characterization of β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds coated with collagen or poly (D, L-lactic acid) for alveolar bone augmentation

Abstract

Objectives:After tooth loss, dimensional alterations on the alveolar bone ridge can occur that can negatively affect the placement of dental implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synthesis, and mechanical properties of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds coated with bioabsorbable polymers, namely, collagen and poly (D, L-lactic acid) (PDLLA).Materials and Methods:β-TCP powder was obtained by reactive milling and then characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). β-TCP scaffolds were obtained by replica method, in which polyurethane foams are immersed in β-TCP suspension and thereafter submitted to a thermal treatment to remove the polyurethane and sinter the ceramic. Type-I collagen or PDLLA were used to coat the β-TCP scaffolds by dip-coating method. Scaffolds were separated in four groups depending on the coating material: noncoated (Group A), double immersion in collagen (Group B), double immersion in PDLLA (Group C), and ten immersions in PDLLA (Group D). Samples were characterized by compressive tests and SEM/EDS. Data were statistically analyzed through two-way ANOVA (p = 0.05).Results:Chemical and microscopic analyses revealed proper morphology and chemical composition of powder particles and scaffolds with or without polymeric coatings. Scaffolds coated with PDLLA showed higher compressive strength (0.11 ± 0.054 MPa) than those of collagen (0.022 ± 0.012 MPa) or noncoated groups (0.024 ± 0.012 MPa).Conclusions:The coating method of β-TCP with PDLLA revealed a potential strategy to increase the mechanical strength of porous ceramic materials while collagen can enhance cell migration.

Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan-Collagen Membrane from Barramundi (Lates Calcarifer) Scales for Guided Tissue Regeneration

“…The three-dimensional scaffold structure becomes an extracellular matrix that is similar or analogous as a template and physical support to guide cell proliferation and differentiation. 23 The three-dimensional scaffold must have high porosity and porous interconnected structures that will be able to facilitate cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. 24 25 Based on the SEM analysis as shown in Fig.…”

VEGF-Loaded Heparinised Gelatine-Hydroxyapatite-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold Accelerates Bone Regeneration via Enhancing Osteogenesis-Angiogenesis Coupling

“…Studies have reported that the shape and size of scaffold pores of bioscaffold materials could affect the migration and growth of seed cells, and ideal pore size should be controlled between 100 and 400 μm ( Deschamps et al, 2017 ). In this study, the pores of HG-HA-TCP scaffold were uniformly distributed; its internal morphology was analogous to that of natural cancellous bone with good integrity of pore wall.…”

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Hybrid Bioceramic and Biopolymer Porous Scaffold for Promoting Bone Regeneration Potential

“…From a mechanical viewpoint, the scaffold should have a strength equal to or even greater than the bone to be repaired [ 30 ]. The mechanical properties of the scaffold should match the original bone that can support various external loads, at least during the tissue regeneration process that is ongoing until osseointegration [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The highest average pressure of the 3DPP scaffold (273 ± 20.8 Kgf) will produce a compressive strength of about 24 MPa which resembles human cancellous bone (11–24 MPa), higher than trabecular bone (2–12 MPa) yet much lower than cortical bone (100–250 MPa) [ 30 , 34 , 35 ].…”