On the structure of polypyrrole: Polypyrroles with dipyrrin-1(10H)-one end groups

Characterization of electrochemically synthesized alkylpyrrole intrinsically conducting polymers

“…with that of PPy(ClO 4 ) reported in the literature [32] and that of a sample of PPy(ClO 4 ), synthesized in the same experimental conditions as for the polyalkypyrroles, we can infer that the insertion of the alkyl chain leads to a decrease of the conductivity, with a substantially unchanged degree of oxidation (Table 3): it changes from 3±6 S/cm for PPy(ClO 4 ) to`1S/cm for P3HP(ClO 4 ) and P3DP(ClO 4 ) and decreases to 0.01 S/cm of P3HDP(ClO 4 ). The conductivity of an ICP is influenced by the possibility for the charge carriers to move along the single macromolecular chains (intrachain conductivity) and to hop between different chains (interchain conductivity) [10,11].…”

“…Whereas the syntheses at 0.02 M and 0.01 M concentrations yielded a good ICP (0.8 S/cm), in the case of 0.001 M concentration the conductivity was 10 À6 S/cm; this has already been observed in PPy literature [32]: more concentrated Py solutions led to greater conducting PPy films.…”

Fabrication of a flexible porous polypyrrole film with a 3D micro-nanostructure and its electrochemical properties

“…Researchers suggested the presence of β,β' cross-linking in the PPy structure. 43–45 This cross-linking structure greatly reduces the plasticity and results in the brittle fracture process of PPy films. The compact PPy films show the maximum value of elongation at break as shown in Fig.…”

Controlling the electro-mechanical performance of polypyrrole through 3- and 3,4-methyl substituted copolymers

“…Electropolymerised polypyrroles are known to be highly crosslinked polymers. 38 Both simulations and XPS studies estimate branching and crosslinking in PPy to be 33% and 22% respectively. 39,40 Unfortunately, the use of XPS has not become widely accepted as a method for determining crosslinking and there is currently no established technique for determining crosslinking in these intractable polymers.…”