On the structure and properties of a material deposited from arc discharge plasma near the cathode and onto vacuum-chamber walls

Smolanov, N. A.; Pan'kin, N.A.

doi:10.1134/s1027451014050401

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The LWF elements were added to cathodes in the form of alloys or compounds, such as Ba, Cs, Hf, BaO, SrO, ThO 2 , LaB 6 , Y 2 O 3 , Gd 2 O 3 , etc. [14][15][16][17][18]. These studies have proved that the addition of LWF elements can increase the electron-emission ability of the cathode and reduce cathode erosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Exploration of a micro multi-electrode technology applied in an air arc heater

Yuan¹,

Liu²,

Zhu³

et al. 2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Arc heaters are vital equipment for the ground thermal appraisal of space probes reentering Earth’s atmosphere. However, the cathodes of arc heaters are currently made of pure copper, and cathode erosion limits the appraisal. A micro multi-electrode technology was proposed to reduce cathode erosion. Cu–Y, Cu–Ba, Cu–Hf, Cu–La, Cu–Cr2Nb, Cu–LaB6, Cu–HfO2, and Cu–Y2O3 alloys were prepared with a content of mol. 0.3%. The microstructure, electron-emission abilities, and arc-attraction abilities of the prepared alloys were analyzed. These alloys consist of low work function (LWF) phases and copper. The electron-emission abilities of these alloys are 10–30 times higher than that of copper. The LWF phase can attract the arc, and its arc-attraction ability can be characterized by a parameter, . The arc-attraction ability of these LWF phases from low to high is Cu, Cu6Y, Cu6La, Cu13Ba, Cu5Hf, Cr2Nb, HfO2, Y2O3, and LaB6. The arc-attraction ability of the LWF phase is related to its work function and its melting point. Cr2Nb, HfO2, Y2O3, and LaB6 successfully attracted and separated the single arc spot into multiple micro spots, which verified the feasibilty of the micro multi-electrode technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Exploration of a micro multi-electrode technology applied in an air arc heater

Yuan¹,

Liu²,

Zhu³

et al. 2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…The process parameter of gas pressure has been discovered to be one of the key arc discharge parameters that controls the morphology of the as-synthesized nanostructures grown using this method. It is considered that the thermal processes in plasma provide very efficient means for producing novel materials owing to their high temperature, high enthalpy and high speed of quenching, which causes the homogeneous condensation of the gas phases [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst-free synthesis of copper oxide composites as solar radiative filters

Fang

Rogers²,

Leveneur³

et al. 2020

Nanotechnology

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Copper oxide composites were successfully synthesized by a catalyst-free method, plasma arc technology. The as-synthesized composites were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analysis revealed a mixture of crystalline copper oxide (CuO), cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and copper (Cu) phases of the copper oxide composites constitute of irregularly spheroidal particlesµ with nanoparticles aggregate on the surface. Gas pressure during plasma arc process noticeably influences the composition and solar radiative properties of the composite materials. Among the samples studied, the composites synthesized with an arc current of 80 A and a pressure of 300 Torr exhibited the highest near infrared diffuse reflectance, providing a total solar reflectance of 22.96%. The mixed phase composition together with the nanostructures among the composites are considered to contribute to the excellent near infrared reflectance of copper oxide composites. Low reflectance in the visible region combined with high reflectance in the near infrared region make this composite material a good candidate for solar reflective coating which will demonstrate black appearance but keep a cool surface under solar irradiation.

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“…It was shown that the thermal processes in plasma provide very efficient means for producing nanocrystalline materials taking into account their high temperature, high enthalpy and high speed of quenching, which causes the homogeneous condensation of the gas phase. [7,8] Thus, considering the growing large-scale need in Cu 2 O nanopowder, we used the method of condensation from the gas phase for the synthesis of Cu 2 O with a proper crystalline phase. It is shown that the phase content of CuO and Cu 2 O in the synthesized nanopowder can be controlled by choosing a suitable concentration of oxygen inside the chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of oxygen concentration on the formation of CuO and Cu2O crystalline phases during the synthesis in the plasma of low pressure arc discharge

Uschakov

Карпов

Лепешев

et al. 2016

Vacuum

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Abstract. This paper describes the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles with different percentages of CuO and Cu 2 O phases. It was achieved by the control of the percentage of oxygen in the gas mixture (N 2 + O 2 ) in a plasma-chemical process of evaporation-condensation by means of low-pressure arc discharge. In all the experiments, the pressure in the plasma-chemical reactor remained constant at 60 Pa. By means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) it was found that the average particle size was 6 nm, and Cu 2 O phase content decreases with increasing oxygen content in the gas mixture. High photocatalytic properties of Cu 2 O powder were shown by the example of the reaction of the methyl orange dye decomposition in water solution. The problems, associated with the performance of this method and the formation of crystalline phases, are discussed.

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On the structure and properties of a material deposited from arc discharge plasma near the cathode and onto vacuum-chamber walls

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Exploration of a micro multi-electrode technology applied in an air arc heater

Exploration of a micro multi-electrode technology applied in an air arc heater

Catalyst-free synthesis of copper oxide composites as solar radiative filters

The influence of oxygen concentration on the formation of CuO and Cu2O crystalline phases during the synthesis in the plasma of low pressure arc discharge

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