On the strength, stiffness and stability of tubular plant stems and leaves

Schulgasser, K.; Witztum, A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5193(05)80632-0

Cited by 74 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For convenience, in the following, we call both the structures in the plane strain problem and the axisymmetric problem a beam. It is suggested that this model may be useful in describing the mechanical behaviour of such natural structural elements as plant stems [39,40]. It is assumed that the boundaries around the problem are completely impermeable except at the end.…”

Section: Related Poroelastic Problems Where Bending Effect Is Dominantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid and enhanced finite element methods for problems of soil consolidation

Zhou

Chow

Leung

2006

Numerical Meth Engineering

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SUMMARYHybrid and enhanced finite element methods with bi-linear interpolations for both the solid displacements and the pore fluid pressures are derived based on mixed variational principles for problems of elastic soil consolidation. Both plane strain and axisymmetric problems are studied. It is found that by choosing appropriate interpolation of enhanced strains in the enhanced method, and by choosing appropriate interpolations of strains, effective stresses and enhanced strains in the hybrid method, the oscillations of nodal pore pressures can be eliminated. Several numerical examples demonstrating the capability and performance of the enhanced and hybrid finite element methods are presented. It is also shown that for some situations, such as problems involving high Poisson's ratio and in other related problems where bending effects are evident, the performance of the enhanced and hybrid methods are superior to that of the conventional displacement-based method. The results from the hybrid method are better than those from the enhanced method for some situations, such as problems in which soil permeability is variable or discontinuous within elements. Since all the element parameters except the nodal displacements and nodal pore pressures are assumed in the element level and can be eliminated by static condensation, the implementations of the enhanced method and the hybrid method are basically the same as the conventional displacement-based finite element method. The present enhanced method and hybrid method can be easily extended to non-linear consolidation problems.

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Section: Related Poroelastic Problems Where Bending Effect Is Dominantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid and enhanced finite element methods for problems of soil consolidation

Zhou

Chow

Leung

2006

Numerical Meth Engineering

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“…2). Since a diaphragm acts as a ring stiffener for the region near the node, sequential insertion of many diaphragms with an appropriate spacing leads to improvement in the mechanical stiffness of the whole bamboo culm [19,[25][26][27][28][29][30]. However, this argument poses a question: What node spacings are optimal for adapting to bending damage caused by external forces?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-adaptive formation of uneven node spacings in wild bamboo

2016

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Bamboo has a distinctive structure wherein a long cavity inside a cylindrical woody section is divided into many chambers by stiff diaphragms. The diaphragms are inserted at nodes and thought to serve as ring stiffeners for bamboo culms against the external load; if this is the case, the separation between adjacent nodes should be configured optimally in order to enhance the mechanical stability of the culms. Here, we reveal the hitherto unknown blueprint of the optimal node spacings used in the growth of wild bamboo. Measurement data analysis together with theoretical formulations suggest that wild bamboos effectively control their node spacings as well as other geometric parameters in accord with the lightweight and high-strength design concept.

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“…Each of these various mechanisms of failure imposes di!erent constraints on the stem properties (Schulgasser & Witztum, 1992). For example, reinforcing its cross section may reduce splitting or buckling (Niklas, 1992) but increase the risk of anchorage failure (Baker, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%