On the statistics of urban heat island intensity

Zhou, Bin; Rybski, Diego; Kropp, Jürgen P.

doi:10.1002/2013gl057320

Cited by 179 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The hysteresis behavior of urbanization-related warming has recently been observed by Zhou et al [2013] using satellite-sourced temperature data for clusters of cities in Europe and is reproduced here using air temperatures averaged over Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Santamouris [2007] summarized the UHI research on European cities from the past 15 years using ground-based stations and found large regional differences in UHI amplitude. Using satellite data, Zhou et al [2013] compared temperature in clusters of cities in Europe with that of their surroundings and found that the radiant surface temperature difference is seasonally depended, with summer having the highest temperature difference in most parts of Europe, and temperature contrasts between cities and their surroundings are larger in spring than in autumn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of urbanization on the rise of the European temperature since 1960

Chrysanthou

Schrier

Besselaar

et al. 2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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The effects of urbanization on the rise of the European daily mean temperature is quantified by comparing European‐averaged temperatures based on all meteorological stations in the European Climate Assessment and Dataset with those based on three subsets of stations: from rural areas, from areas with low growth in urbanization, and from areas characterized by relatively low‐temperature increase. Land cover information is obtained using the CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) data set, showing that most stations (75%) have a small percentage (up to 10%) of urban area within a 10 km radius and 81% saw no more than 1% change in urbanization between 1990 and 2006. The results show that urbanization explains 0.0026°C/decade of the annual‐averaged pan‐European temperature trend of 0.179°C/decade. This trend has a strong seasonality, being the largest in summer. Averaged over time, the effects of urbanization on the European‐averaged temperature has a strong seasonality as well.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of urbanization on the rise of the European temperature since 1960

Chrysanthou

Schrier

Besselaar

et al. 2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Imhoff et al [16] examined 38 cities in the continental United States and found the SUHI intensity to be highest at midday in the summer and lowest in the winter. Zhou et al [17] examined all cities across Europe and made the same conclusion regarding the seasonal variability of the SUHI intensity. Imhoff et al [16] further found that the SUHI varies across eco-climatic regions, with strong positive values for cities in forest biomes and negative values for desert cities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Understanding the Impact of Urbanization on Surface Urban Heat Islands—A Longitudinal Analysis of the Oasis Effect in Subtropical Desert Cities

et al. 2017

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Abstract:We quantified the spatio-temporal patterns of land cover/land use (LCLU) change to document and evaluate the daytime surface urban heat island (SUHI) for five hot subtropical desert cities (Beer Sheva, Israel; Hotan, China; Jodhpur, India; Kharga, Egypt; and Las Vegas, NV, USA). Sequential Landsat images were acquired and classified into the USGS 24-category Land Use Categories using object-based image analysis with an overall accuracy of 80% to 95.5%. We estimated the land surface temperature (LST) of all available Landsat data from June to August for years 1990, 2000, and 2010 and computed the urban-rural difference in the average LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for each city. Leveraging non-parametric statistical analysis, we also investigated the impacts of city size and population on the urban-rural difference in the summer daytime LST and NDVI. Urban expansion is observed for all five cities, but the urbanization pattern varies widely from city to city. A negative SUHI effect or an oasis effect exists for all the cities across all three years, and the amplitude of the oasis effect tends to increase as the urban-rural NDVI difference increases. A strong oasis effect is observed for Hotan and Kharga with evidently larger NDVI difference than the other cities. Larger cities tend to have a weaker cooling effect while a negative association is identified between NDVI difference and population. Understanding the daytime oasis effect of desert cities is vital for sustainable urban planning and the design of adaptive management, providing valuable guidelines to foster smart desert cities in an era of climate variability, uncertainty, and change.

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“…Moreover, cropland daytime/nighttime LST during the calculation of SUHII was defined as background daytime/nighttime LST. Dependence of daytime/nighttime SUHII on background daytime/nighttime LST was also implemented [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The canopy UHI relates to the thin layer of the atmosphere between ground level and roof top height, and is usually described by air temperature; the boundary layer UHI relates to a layer above the canopy layer, and is also usually measured by air temperature; SUHI differs from canopy UHI and usually is measured by land surface temperature (LST) from satellite or airborne sensors through upwelling thermal radiance [33]. With advantages in spatially explicit coverage and high resolution, LST-based SUHI has been increasingly used in recent studies at multiple scales ranged from cities [34][35][36][37][38][39], countries [28,40,41], continents [42][43][44], to the whole world [45,46]. To accurately quantify UHI effects, a definition of urban areas and its surrounding suburban/rural areas is the first step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Patterns in Daytime and Nighttime Thermal Effects of Urbanization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration

et al. 2017

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Surface urban heat island (SUHI) in the context of urbanization has gained much attention in recent decades; however, the seasonal variations of SUHI and their drivers are still not well documented. In this study, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration, one of the most typical areas experiencing drastic urbanization in China, was selected to study the SUHI intensity (SUHII) based on remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) data. Pure and unchanged urban and rural pixels from 2000 to 2010 were chosen to avoid non-concurrency between land cover data and LST data and to estimate daytime and nighttime thermal effects of urbanization. Different patterns of the seasonal variations were found in daytime and nighttime SUHIIs. Specifically, the daytime SUHII in summer (4 • C) was more evident than in other seasons while a cold island phenomenon was found in winter; the nighttime SUHII was always positive and higher than the daytime one in all the seasons except summer. Moreover, we found the highest daytime SUHII in August, which is the growing peak stage of summer maize, while nighttime SUHII showed a trough in the same month. Seasonal variations of daytime SUHII showed higher significant correlations with the seasonal variations of ∆LAI (leaf area index) (R 2 = 0.81, r = −0.90) compared with ∆albedo (R 2 = 0.61, r = −0.78) and background daytime LST (R 2 = 0.69, r = 0.83); moreover, agricultural practices (double-cropping system) played an important role in the seasonal variations of daytime SUHII. Seasonal variations of the nighttime SUHII did not show significant correlations with either of seasonal variations of ∆LAI, ∆albedo, and background nighttime LST, which implies different mechanisms in nighttime SUHII variation needing future studies.

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On the statistics of urban heat island intensity

Cited by 179 publications

References 28 publications

The effects of urbanization on the rise of the European temperature since 1960

The effects of urbanization on the rise of the European temperature since 1960

Understanding the Impact of Urbanization on Surface Urban Heat Islands—A Longitudinal Analysis of the Oasis Effect in Subtropical Desert Cities

Different Patterns in Daytime and Nighttime Thermal Effects of Urbanization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration

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