On the Social Psychology of the Psychological Experiment: With Particular Reference to Demand Characteristics and Their Implications

Orne, Martin T.

doi:10.4324/9781315129945-26

Cited by 231 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Self-reported questionnaires also have potential biases such as social desirability bias (students may respond with what they think people would want them to say) (Grimm, 2011) or demand characteristics bias (students may answer with what they think the researcher wants them to say) (Orne, 1962).…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficacy of Frontline Near‐Peer Teaching in a Modern Medical Curriculum

Harrison

Elmansouri

Parton

et al. 2018

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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Within medical education a reduction in curriculum time for subjects, such as anatomy puts pressure on educators to ensure the same learning outcomes are conveyed in less time. This has the potential to impact negatively on student experience. Near‐peer teaching (NPT) is often praised as an effective revision tool, but its use as a frontline teaching resource remains unreported. The study explores the potential for NPT to promote delivery of learning outcomes and maximize student experience within a neuroanatomy module for second year medical students. The study occurred in three educational settings, (1) frontline NPT of cranial nerves, (2) revision session NPT of cranial nerves, and (3) NPT alongside faculty staff in laboratory‐based neuroanatomy practical exercises. For the first and second components, knowledge was measured using a pre‐ and post‐session test and student perception was ascertained with a questionnaire. For the third component, student perception was assessed with an end‐of‐module survey. The results show that overall, NPT was well received by learners. A significant knowledge gain was seen between the pre‐ and post‐session test of the frontline NPT session. The study presents evidence in favor of using NPTs to supplement the delivery of learning outcomes in a time and resource constrained curriculum. In particular, for the effective delivery of frontline material. Anat Sci Educ 0: 1–9. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.

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Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficacy of Frontline Near‐Peer Teaching in a Modern Medical Curriculum

Harrison

Elmansouri

Parton

et al. 2018

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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“…For example, social desirability (Messick, ) requires knowledge of the construct and evaluation of its social valence. Conformity to demand characteristics (Orne, ) requires evaluation of both item content and perceived research goals. Even acquiescence may involve consideration of both item content and ambiguity prior to responding (Morf & Jackson, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Differential Impacts of Two Forms of Insufficient Effort Responding

DeSimone

Harms

et al. 2017

Applied Psychology

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Recent years have seen a renewed interest in insufficient effort responding (IER). Previous research has demonstrated that IER can have detrimental effects on survey research ranging from introducing untrustworthy data to influencing psychometric and statistical results. The present simulations examine two forms of IER, straightlining (SL) and random responding (RR), in an attempt to determine whether the presence of these response patterns have differential impacts on data. In three studies, we explore the combined effects of extreme SL and RR, the effects of full and partial RR, and the effects of full and partial SL on scale characteristics such as inter-item correlations, alpha, and component structure. We also explore how various IER response distributions may influence these statistics. Empirical results demonstrate a tendency for SL to increase and RR to decrease the magnitude of inter-item correlations, alpha, and the first component eigenvalue. Results also indicate that the impact of SL may be more pronounced than the impact of RR in the organisational sciences. It is important for researchers to consider the type of IER in addition to the prevalence of IER in a sample prior to conducting statistical analyses.

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“…It is probable that the system of measurement used in these examples produces results different from those which would be obtained by observing a person who is unaware or is not participating as a subject in an experiment (Rosenthal & Fode, 1962;Orne, 1962). At least two types of error may result.…”

Section: Potential Applications Obtaining Behavioral Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Program of Research in Behavioral Electronics

Schwitzgebel¹,

Schwitzgebel²,

Pahnke³

et al. 2017

Behavior Therapy With Children

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and the clinic lies almost the entire natural environment of humanity, practically untouched and unexplored by direct scientific procedures." Yet electronic devices exist by which the scientist could not only record but modify the day-to-day behavior of his subjects or patients. The obvious dangers of abuse of these powerful tools may be why scientists have not made use of them. But these electronic devices may be used for constructive as well as destructive purposes, and their potential usefulness in understanding and solving human problems should not be neglected. This paper outlines some uses which the psychologist, the therapist, the social worker, and others concerned with human behavior might make of these devices.

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On the Social Psychology of the Psychological Experiment: With Particular Reference to Demand Characteristics and Their Implications

Cited by 231 publications

References 1 publication

The Efficacy of Frontline Near‐Peer Teaching in a Modern Medical Curriculum

The Efficacy of Frontline Near‐Peer Teaching in a Modern Medical Curriculum

The Differential Impacts of Two Forms of Insufficient Effort Responding

A Program of Research in Behavioral Electronics

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