On the similarity of macromolecular responses to high-energy processes: mechanical milling vs. irradiation

Smith, A. P.; Spontak, Richard J.; Ade, Harald

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(01)00055-6

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Almost no scission occurred in extruded blends. (It must be noted that there was no cross-link ing of PS in the pulverized PS/HDPE or PS/PMMA blends; pulverized PS blends from this and previous studies yield complete PS dissolution in appropriate solvents. ,,,− Thus, cross-linking of PS, which has been reported after exposure to radiation or intense, batch mechanical milling, cannot explain the stabilization of dispersed-phase domain size to static annealing observed in immiscible PS blends processed via solid-state shear pulverization…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Besides investigating further how process parameters and blend composition affect the ability of solid-state shear pulverization to achieve blend compatibilization 36 via in-situ block copolymer formation, the relative abilities of pulverization and twin-screw extrusion to achieve particular dispersed-phase domain sizes are also under study. , Comparison with other methods for achieving compatibilization via in-situ radical−radical recombination reactions yielding block copolymers, as may occur in sonication, , batch mechanical alloying, ,− and a novel process , using melt mixing of polymers made by nitroxide-mediated controlled radical polymerization, is underway.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stabilization of Dispersed Phase to Static Coarsening: Polymer Blend Compatibilization via Solid-State Shear Pulverization

2002

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confidence: 64%

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confidence: 99%

Stabilization of Dispersed Phase to Static Coarsening: Polymer Blend Compatibilization via Solid-State Shear Pulverization

2002

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“…In comparison with the PCL/WF composite, acrylic acid grafted PCL (PCL-g-AA) showed a remarkable increase in tensile strength at break and a much lower melt viscosity, due to enhanced compatibility and thus better dispersion of the WF in the PCL-g-AA matrix. Mechanical milling has been demonstrated to enhance compatibility, dispersion, and thus properties of blends and composites [32][33][34]. For that purpose, this study presents investigations on the fabrication of PCL/SD wood plastic composites (WPCs) via a solid-state route, namely, cryomilling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-State Compounding for Recycling of Sawdust Waste into Green Packaging Composites

Allaf

Futian

2020

Processes

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The present study explores solid-state cryomilling for the compounding of green composites. Herein, wood plastic composites (WPCs) composed of sawdust (SD) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with various compositions were prepared. Two compounding techniques, namely, extrusion and cryomilling, were utilized to prepare WPC raw material pellets and powders, respectively, for comparison purposes. Flat pressing was further utilized to prepare WPC films for testing. Morphological, structural, thermal, mechanical, and surface wettability properties were investigated. Results indicate the advantages of cryomilling in producing WPCs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with optical micrographs revealed well ground SD particles and uniform distribution in the PCL matrix. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites declined with increasing SD content, however, the modulus of elasticity significantly increased. Water contact angles averaged less than 90°, implying partial wetting. Visual observations and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated thermal stability of composites during processing. In conclusion, PCL/SD WPC is a potential candidate to replace conventional plastics for packaging applications. This would also provide a much better utilization of the currently undervalued wood waste resources.

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“…Irradiations of polymers are mainly divided into alpha radiation, X-ray photons, electron beam radiation (E-Beam), and gamma radiation ( γ- R) as high energy solid state processes. Many researchers have studied the irradiation process and mechanical milling to mix and compatibilized the immiscible blends ( Smith et al, 2001 ). E-Beam and γ- R are compared based on the different dose rates and penetration depth.…”

Section: Different Radiation Processes For Polymer Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Radiation Processed Polymeric Materials for High Performance Applications: A Review

et al. 2022

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The polymeric properties are tailored and enhanced by high energy radiation processing, which is an effective technique to tune the physical, chemical, thermal, surface, and structural properties of the various thermoplastic and elastomeric polymeric components. The gamma and electron beam radiation are the most frequent radiation techniques used for crosslinking, compatibilizing, and grafting of various polymer blends and composites systems. The gamma radiation-induced grafting and crosslinking are the effective, rapid, clean, user-friendly, and well-controlled techniques for the polymeric materials for their properties improvement for high performance applications such as nuclear, automobile, electrical insulation, ink curing, surface modification, food packaging, medical, sterilization, and health-care in a different environment. Similarly, electron beam radiations crosslinking has been a well-known technique for properties development and has economic benefits over chemical crosslinking techniques. This review focuses on the development of polymeric multi component systems (functionalized polymer, blends, and nanohybrids), where partially nanoscale clay incorporation can achieve the desired properties, and partially by controlled high energy radiations crosslinking of blends and nanocomposites. In this review, various investigations have been studied on the development and modifications of polymeric systems, and controlled dose gamma radiation processed the polymer blends and clay-induced composites. Radiation induced grafting of the various monomers on the polymer backbone has been focused. Similarly, comparative studies of gamma and electron beam radiation and their effect on property devlopment have been focused. The high energy radiation modified polymers have been used in several high performance sectors, including automotive, wire and cable insulation, heat shrinkable tube, sterilization, biomedical, nuclear and space applications.

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On the similarity of macromolecular responses to high-energy processes: mechanical milling vs. irradiation

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Stabilization of Dispersed Phase to Static Coarsening: Polymer Blend Compatibilization via Solid-State Shear Pulverization

Stabilization of Dispersed Phase to Static Coarsening: Polymer Blend Compatibilization via Solid-State Shear Pulverization

Solid-State Compounding for Recycling of Sawdust Waste into Green Packaging Composites

Gamma Radiation Processed Polymeric Materials for High Performance Applications: A Review

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