“…The first extensive use of dimensional analysis in the investigation of cratering phenomena was made by Chabai (1965) in studies of explosion craters; many subsequent investigators applied his work directly to impact events by equating explosive energy to the kinetic energy of the impactor. More than a decade later, however, the lack of a velocity (or momentum) dependence in Chabai's explosion relationships was noted by Holsapple and Schmidt, who developed an extensive suite of scaling relationships for application to impact cratering (Schmidt 1977(Schmidt , 1980Holsapple 1978, 1982;Holsapple 1980Holsapple , 1987Holsapple , 1993Holsapple and Schmidt 1980;1982;Housen et al 1983;Holsapple and Schmidt 1987;Schmidt and Housen 1987). Continuing work by other investigators has tested the scaling relationship predictions, suggested improvements, and incorporated more variables (e.g., Croft 1985;Schultz 1988;Cintala and Hörz 1990;Cintala et al 1999).…”