On the Role of the Subprimate Cerebellar Flocculus in the Optokinetic Reflex and Visual-Vestibular Interaction

Precht, W.; Blanks, Robert H. I.; Strata, Piergiorgio; Montarolo, P. G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69980-1_7

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Physiological recordings (Cazin et al, 1982ft, 1984Precht et al, 1982), anatomical (see below), and lesion studies (Cazin et al, 1980a;Precht & Strata, 1980) for Reprint requests to: Robert H. I. Blanks, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92717, USA. the most part confirm that the NRTP relays direction-and speed-specific information from the NOT (Collewijn, 1975a,6;Hoffmann &Schopmann, 1975;Cazin etal., 1980aCazin etal., ,6,1982a to the prepositus nucleus and involves interconnections between prepositus on the vestibular nuclei (Cazin et al, 1982a(Cazin et al, , 1984Precht et al, 1985). There is also anatomical evidence for direct pretectal projections to the prepositus nucleus (Cazin et al, 1982a;Holstege & Collewijn, 1982;Magnin et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Consistent with this, neurons in this region of the NRTP in cat (Nakao et al, 1980) and monkey (Keller & Crandall, 1981;Crandall & Keller, 1985) show saccadic modulation and appropriately project to the abducens nucleus (Biittner-Ennever & Henn, 1976). The second effect, that is, changes in the fast processing of optokinetic signals, is attributable to disruptions of the "transcerebellar component" of the HOKN pathways, given the visualmossy fiber responses of neurons in the cerebellar flocculus (Maekawa & Takeda, 1975;Maekawa & Kimura, 1981;Blanks & Precht, 1983) and similar behavioral effects following bilateral ablation of the cerebellar flocculus (Zee et al, 1981;Waespe et al, 1983;Precht et al, 1985). Finally, given the disparate effects from lesion studies, there is need to reevaluate the relative importance of NRTP neurons in relaying slow optokinetic information to the prepositus and vestibular nuclei.…”

Section: Some Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The prepositus nucleus is heavily interconnected with the vestibular nuclei on both sides (Baker et al, 1975;Blanks et al, 1977;Pompeiano et al, 1978;McCrea et al, 1979). These interconnections have prompted investigators to place the NRTP and ph as critical links mediating visual optokinetic information from the pretectum to the vestibular nuclei (Cazin et al, 19826, 1984;Precht et al, 1985). Additionally, the "supragenual part" of the ph to which the pretectum projects gives rise to the largest number of prepositus neurons projecting to the bilateral cerebellar flocculus in most mammalian species (Alley et al, 1975;Kotchabhakdi et al, 1978;Yamamoto, 1979;Blanks et al, 1982;Sato et al, 1983;Langer et al, 1985) and sends fibers to the vestibular, abducens, and oculomotor nuclei (cf.…”

Section: Pretectal-ph Projectionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is also distributed ipsilaterally, which matches physiological evidence (cf. Precht et al, 1985) that the HOKN pathway from the NOT to ph and vestibular nucleus is uncrossed. However, the direct pretectal-ph bundle is relatively small and it is thus difficult to conclude that this small projection accounts for the transfer of all visual information in the HOKN pathway.…”

Section: Some Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Most excitatory postsynaptic action potentials (EPSPs) recorded in the ph following electrical stimulation of the NOT are in the disynaptic range but a few are monosynaptically driven from the pretectum at least in rat (Cazin et al, 1984;Precht et al, 1985). Whereas the former is most likely the result of oligosynaptic pathways through the NRTP, the latter must result from the direct pretectal-ph pathway.…”

Section: Pretectal-ph Projectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Projections of the nucleus of the optic tract to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and prepositus hypoglossi nucleus in the pigmented rat as demonstrated by anterograde and retrograde transport methods

1989

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The visual pathways from the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) and prepositus hypoglossi nucleus (ph) were studied following injections of tritiated leucine into the NOT of pigmented rats. The cell bodies of origin of the pretectal-NRTP, NRTP-ph, and pretectal-ph projections were determined using retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique.The pretectum projects strongly to the rostral two-thirds of the central and pericentral subdivisions of the NRTP and sends a remarkably smaller projection to the ph. Both are entirely ipsilateral. The fibers destined for the ph travel with the NOT-NRTP bundle, pass through the NRTP, traverse the medial longitudinal fasciculus, and are distributed to the rostral one-half of the ph. The retrograde HRP studies confirm these pathways. The pretectal projections to the NRTP arise from neurons in the rostromedial NOT; those to the ph are located primarily in the rostral NOT although small numbers are found within the anterior, posterior, and olivary pretectal nuclei. Of major importance is the fact that the ph injections retrogradely label neurons within the NRTP and the adjacent paramedian pontine reticular formation. This NRTP-ph projection is entirely bilateral and arises from parts of both subdivisions of the nucleus targeted by NOT afferents.Both the direct NOT-ph and indirect NOT-NRTP-ph connections provide the anatomical basis for the relay of visual (optokinetic) information to the perihypoglossal complex and, presumably, by virtue of reciprocal ph-vestibular nuclear connections, to the vestibular nuclei itself. Such pathways confirm previous physiological studies in rat and, in particular, clarify the contrasting effects of electrolytic lesions of NRTP in rat which completely abolishes optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) (Cazin et al., 1980a) vs kainic acid lesions which produce only minor effects on OKN slow velocity (Hess et al., 1988). Given these differential effects, one concludes that the critical pathway for OKN passes in relation to, but is not significantly relayed by, the neurons of the NRTP or adjacent pontine tegmentum. The present studies suggest that one such fiber system is the NOT-ph bundle. How this relatively small projection compares to other possible fiber of passage systems remains to be determined electrophysiologically.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Some Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Pretectal-ph Projectionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Some Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Pretectal-ph Projectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Projections of the nucleus of the optic tract to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and prepositus hypoglossi nucleus in the pigmented rat as demonstrated by anterograde and retrograde transport methods

1989

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Gaze stabilization in the primate

Waespe

Henn

1987

Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology

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Dynamic characteristics of optokinetically controlled eye movements following inferior olive lesions in the brown rat.

Hess

Savio

Strata

1988

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The inferior olive was destroyed by the drug 3-acetylpyridine in brown rats. Spontaneous and optokinetic eye movements in response to constant-velocity rotation (5-80 deg/s) or sinusoidal oscillations (0-05 and 0.1 Hz with 15 deg/s peak velocity and 0 3, 0 5, 1P0 and 2 Hz with 5 deg/s peak velocity) of the visual surround were recorded 4-6 days, 40-50 days and 3-4 months after the lesion using the magnetic search coil technique.2. Persistent oculomotor deficits were observed in rats with a lesion of more than 97 % of inferior olive neurones. In cases with a less complete lesion, no or only transient deficits were observed. In these latter cases the bulk of surviving neurones was located in the caudal half of the inferior olive, which includes the dorsal cap of Kooy.3. Eye position holding after saccadic gaze shifts in the light was strongly deficient, showing pronounced postsaccadic centripetal drift for several hundred milliseconds. Similar deficits were observed in slow-phase components following quick phases of optokinetic nystagmus. In the dark, eye position holding was also deficient.4. Closed-loop gains of optokinetic step responses obtained from rats with inferior olive lesions could be as good as those obtained from control animals. There was, however, a trend towards smaller gain values over the range of stimulus velocities tested. The duration of optokinetic after-nystagmus was not changed.5. The initial fast rise of slow-phase velocity of optokinetic step responses was reduced by about 30-50 %, showing no recovery in the follow-up experiments up to 3-4 months after the lesion.6. Optokinetic responses to sinusoidal oscillations of the visual surround exhibited an increasing drop in gain for frequencies between 0-1 to 0 5 Hz. In the range of 0-5-2-0 Hz gain was only about 0-2 compared to 0 7-0-8 in control animals. Phase lag of sinusoidal responses was shifted to larger values by about 25-35 dog for t Present address:

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On the Role of the Subprimate Cerebellar Flocculus in the Optokinetic Reflex and Visual-Vestibular Interaction

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Projections of the nucleus of the optic tract to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and prepositus hypoglossi nucleus in the pigmented rat as demonstrated by anterograde and retrograde transport methods

Projections of the nucleus of the optic tract to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and prepositus hypoglossi nucleus in the pigmented rat as demonstrated by anterograde and retrograde transport methods

Gaze stabilization in the primate

Dynamic characteristics of optokinetically controlled eye movements following inferior olive lesions in the brown rat.

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