On the role of process parameters on meltpool temperature and tensile properties of stainless steel 316L produced by powder bed fusion

Khorasani, Mahyar; Ghasemi, Arman; Awan, Umar Shafique; Singamneni, Sarat; Littlefair, Guy; Farabi, Ehsan; Leary, Martin; Gibson, Ian; Veetil, Jithin Kozhuthala; Rolfe, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.04.043

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Regarding the variation of width in relation to the variation of wall thickness in this work, the results are similar. The result of the current work can be explained either by a specimen-size-dependent material property, by size-dependent cooling rates during the PBF-LB/M process similar to the observed correlation between melt pool temperature, grain size and tensile properties reported by [21] or by local inhomogeneous mechanical properties as described in [34], with higher hardness at contour areas in comparison to the core area due to a different surface boundary to cross-sectional area ratio. Varying residual stresses in the additive manufacturing process as reported in [54] due to different geometries of the specimens may also cause differences in mechanical properties and were not investigated in this work.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In several publications, the dependency between process parameters and material properties, microstructure, porosity and surface roughness, as well as mechanical properties, has been investigated. For example, a correlation between melt pool temperature, grain size and tensile properties has been found for stainless steel 316L [21]. In particular, laser power, scanning velocity, hatch distance and layer thickness are used to describe the energy density, which has been found to have a major effect on the microstructure, the porosity and, finally, on the mechanical properties [18,[22][23][24].…”

Section: Process Parameters and Machine Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Material Properties of Wall Structures from Stainless Steel 316L Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Meiniger

Ringel

et al. 2022

Metals

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To make powder bed fusion (PBF) via laser beam (-LB) for metals (/M) available for highly regulated components such as pressure equipment according to the Pressure Equipment Directive, system-specific qualification methods need to be established to deal with process- and geometry-dependent inhomogeneous material behavior. Therefore, the material properties of austenitic stainless steel (316L) and their influences on normative acceptable qualification strategies were investigated in this study. Flat tensile test specimens were produced by two manufacturing systems identical in construction and were compared to specimens produced from conventionally rolled sheet material. Specimens were compared in the horizontal and vertical building directions in relation to different slope angles, wall thicknesses and cross-sectional areas. Despite identical process setups, parameters and powder feedstock, differences in mechanical behavior could be seen. Furthermore, the mechanical properties, surface roughness and density showed dependencies on the wall thickness and slope angle. In particular, the influence of wall thickness has not been covered in publications about PBF-LB/M before. These results suggest that geometry- and system-dependent components can be designed based on associated data from qualification processes. Therefore, a new qualification method based on wall structure properties is suggested for standard qualification processes of components with wall structures, such as pressure equipment.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Process Parameters and Machine Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Material Properties of Wall Structures from Stainless Steel 316L Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Meiniger

Ringel

et al. 2022

Metals

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“…These mimic biological structures, such as bone, that also use varied lattice/cellular structures. In general, such structures can improve the strength/performance-to-weight ratio over “machined from solid” (Nagesha et al , 2020; Khorasani et al , 2020d; Khorasani et al , 2021b). Figure 6, for example, shows conformal versus conventional cooling for injection moulding which can easily be obtained by AM.…”

Section: Exclusive Features Of Additive Manufacturing To Enhance Indu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Industry 4.0 and additive manufacturing synergy

Khorasani¹,

Loy

Ghasemi

et al. 2022

RPJ

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Purpose This paper reviews the synergy of Industry 4.0 and additive manufacturing (AM) and discusses the integration of data-driven manufacturing systems and product service systems as a key component of the Industry 4.0 revolution. This paper aims to highlight the potential effects of Industry 4.0 on AM via tools such as digitalisation, data transfer, tagging technology, information in Industry 4.0 and intelligent features. Design/methodology/approach In successive phases of industrialisation, there has been a rise in the use of, and dependence on, data in manufacturing. In this review of Industry 4.0 and AM, the five pillars of success that could see the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, robotics and materials science enabling new levels of interactivity and interdependence between suppliers, producers and users are discussed. The unique effects of AM capabilities, in particular mass customisation and light-weighting, combined with the integration of data and IoT in Industry 4.0, are studied for their potential to support higher efficiencies, greater utility and more ecologically friendly production. This research also illustrates how the digitalisation of manufacturing for Industry 4.0, through the use of IoT and AM, enables new business models and production practices. Findings The discussion illustrates the potential of combining IoT and AM to provide an escape from the constraints and limitations of conventional mass production whilst achieving economic and ecological savings. It should also be noted that this extends to the agile design and fabrication of increasingly complex parts enabled by simulations of complex production processes and operating systems. This paper also discusses the relationship between Industry 4.0 and AM with respect to improving the quality and robustness of product outcomes, based on real-time data/feedback. Originality/value This research shows how a combined approach to research into IoT and AM can create a step change in practice that alters the production and supply paradigm, potentially reducing the ecological impact of industrial systems and product life cycle. This paper demonstrates how the integration of Industry 4.0 and AM could reshape the future of manufacturing and discusses the challenges involved.

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“…The higher scanning speed creates a small melt pool with lower wetting characteristics, leading to separate solidification, popularly known as the 'balling effect', and a highly porous structure. The highest tensile strength (650 MPa) could be obtained with a scanning speed of 90 mm/s, whereas a higher scanning speed of 180 mm/s gave poor mechanical properties [21]. Li et al [22] used the same approach to produce a component with gradual property increment, which is mostly used in biomedical applications.…”

Section: Tensile Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review on Effect of Process Parameters on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Powder-Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of SS316L

et al. 2021

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the recently studied research areas, due to its ability to eliminate different subtractive manufacturing limitations, such as difficultly in fabricating complex parts, material wastage, and numbers of sequential operations. Laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) AM for SS316L is known for complex part production due to layer-by-layer deposition and is extensively used in the aerospace, automobile, and medical sectors. The process parameter selection is crucial for deciding the overall quality of the SS316L build component with L-PBF AM. This review critically elaborates the effect of various input parameters, i.e., laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing, and layer thickness, on various mechanical properties of AM SS316L, such as tensile strength, hardness, and the effect of porosity, along with the microstructure evolution. The effect of other AM parameters, such as the build orientation, pre-heating temperature, and particle size, on the build properties is also discussed. The scope of this review also concerns the challenges in practical applications of AM SS316L. Hence, the residual stress formation, their influence on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the AM build part for bio implant application is also considered. This review involves a detailed comparison of properties achievable with different AM techniques and various post-processing techniques, such as heat treatment and grain refinement effects on properties. This review would help in selecting suitable process parameters for various human body implants and many different applications. This study would also help to better understand the effect of each process parameter of PBF-AM on the SS316L build part quality.

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On the role of process parameters on meltpool temperature and tensile properties of stainless steel 316L produced by powder bed fusion

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Investigation of Material Properties of Wall Structures from Stainless Steel 316L Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Investigation of Material Properties of Wall Structures from Stainless Steel 316L Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

A review of Industry 4.0 and additive manufacturing synergy

A Critical Review on Effect of Process Parameters on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Powder-Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of SS316L

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