On the Role of Iodine in Plants: A Commentary on Benefits of This Element

Size- and Ligand-Dependent Transport of Nanoparticles in Matricaria chamomilla as Demonstrated by Mass Spectroscopy and X-ray Fluorescence Imaging

“…These channels are encoded by chloride channel (CLCs) transporter genes, which have family members that are I – -permeable H + /anion antiporters. , The same antiporters, together with anion channels in the tonoplast ( i.e ., the lipoprotein membrane that surrounds vacuoles), are likely to transport I – into and out of the vacuoles of plant cells . Furthermore, halide ( i.e ., chemical compounds of the same family as I) fluxes can be facilitated by organic acid transporters . Importantly, this suggests that the biodistribution of I – will actually not simply reflect the biodistribution of water.…”

“…37 Furthermore, halide (i.e., chemical compounds of the same family as I) fluxes can be facilitated by organic acid transporters. 38 Importantly, this suggests that the biodistribution of I − will actually not simply reflect the biodistribution of water.…”

Quality of Rye Plants (Secale cereale) as Affected by Agronomic Biofortification with Iodine

“…The larger uptake of I − compared to IO 3 − was also confirmed by Cakmak et al [ 9 ] and Lawson [ 4 ], who stated the smaller risk for toxicity to plants for the IO 3− species. The iodide form (I − ) is known to be more soluble in soils and absorbable at a higher rate by the roots than iodate IO 3 − , which has a larger molecular weight and higher valence [ 4 , 9 , 15 ]. Moreover, a slow absorption rate of IO 3 − is limited by its reduction to I − prior plant uptake [ 4 , 13 ].…”

“…The iodide form of iodine is easily fixed in soil organic matter and thus becomes unavailable to plants [ 4 ]. Acidic soils rich in aluminum and iron ions additionally reduce its bioavailability [ 3 , 4 , 12 , 15 ]. Furthermore, I − is faster leached below the rooting zone and/or evaporated as organic iodides than IO 3 − [ 4 ].…”

“…The effects of the iodine biofortification on the quality and quantity of crop production were variable and dependent on the concentration, chemical form, and production system applied in the conducted experiments [ 12 , 13 ]. Some researchers showed beneficial effects of iodine, including better growth, higher yields, positive changes in the plant tolerance to stress, antioxidant capacity, nitrogen use efficiency, contents of glucose, fructose, and total sugars, while others reported that the applications of iodine caused no response or even had negative effects such as biomass depletion or higher chlorosis and necrosis occurrence [ 8 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. It should be noted that there is very little or no information in the scientific literature regarding iodine biofortification of the principal component of an animal diet in the world, i.e., cereal crops [ 8 , 9 , 13 ], e.g., wheat, rice, and maize [ 9 ], especially cropped for biomass.…”