On the role of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity in aqueous heterophase polymerization

Tauer, Klaus; Ali, A. M. I.; Yıldız, Ufuk; Sedlák, Miloš

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.11.036

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this paper, the results of miniemulsion polymerizations with lauroyl peroxide are presented. Water solubilities of the monomers in this work range from 3 × 10 −2 mol/dm 3 (styrene, 25 °C) via 10 −5 mol/dm 3 (4‐ tert ‐butyl styrene) and 5 × 10 −8 mol/dm 3 (lauryl methacrylate) to practically insoluble in water (octadecyl acrylate). To distinguish between both theories (i.e., generation of radicals in the aqueous phase or generation of single radicals by exit and re‐entry), the water solubility of both the monomer and initiator are factors to be considered.…”

Section: Generation Of Single Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the miniemulsion polymerization of very hydrophobic monomers initiated by a completely water‐insoluble initiator: thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanism

Jansen

Meuldijk

Lovell

et al. 2016

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Successful miniemulsion polymerizations of very hydrophobic monomers, such as lauryl methacrylate and 4-tertbutyl styrene, initiated by very hydrophobic (i.e., completely water-insoluble) lauroyl peroxide, are reported. Conversion-time histories, as well as final latex properties, for example, the particle size distribution, are different from similar miniemulsion polymerizations in the presence of water-soluble initiators. The observed differences can be attributed to the average number of radicals inside a miniemulsion particle; the system obeys Smith-Ewart case I rather than Case II kinetics. Albeit the pairwise generation of radicals in the monomer droplets, substantial polymerization rates are observed. Water, present in the droplet interfacial layer, is supposed to act as chain transfer agent. The product of a chain transfer event is a hydroxyl radical, exit of this hydroxyl radical allows for the presence of single radicals in particles. The proposed mechanisms allow for agreement between initial droplet and final particle size distributions in miniemulsion polymerization initiated by lauroyl peroxide.

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Section: Generation Of Single Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the miniemulsion polymerization of very hydrophobic monomers initiated by a completely water‐insoluble initiator: thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanism

Jansen

Meuldijk

Lovell

et al. 2016

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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“…The transformation of this skeleton to substituted 3,4-dihydro-1,2,5-oxathiazine-2,2-dioxides can provide compounds that find applications in the intensely developed field of polymeric nanoparticles accessible by the method of emulsion polymerization. [83][84][85][86][87][88] An example of this kind was the modification of AIBN performed in the way leading to initiators that exhibited properties of surface active compounds (INISURFs). 85 In order to maintain the initiation properties of AIBN, its modifications have to be based on reactions and processes taking place at the temperatures below 30 °C.…”

Section: Scheme 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The INISURFs prepared in this way represent geminal surfactants, which were successfully applied in the preparation of a number of polymeric nanoparticles [86][87][88] , e.g. also in the first synthesis of biocompatible nanoparticles of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate).…”

Section: Scheme 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

2-Amino-2-alkyl(aryl)propanenitriles as key building blocks for the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles

Drabina¹,

Sedlák²

2012

Arkivoc

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This review article summarizes recent developments and trends in the application of 2-amino-2-alkyl(aryl)propanenitriles as precursors for the syntheses of heterocyclic systems such as imidazole derivatives, oxazoles, isothiazoles and 1,3,2-diazaphospholidines. Also described are less usual examples of applications in which they and their analogies react as monofunctional precursors, or where they have been used as sources of a nitrile carbon atom, or as catalysts or initiators. Their chemical and/or biological properties and potential applications are discussed, along with those of the derived heterocycles.

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“…[1][2][3][4]. During the last few years we have developed techniques to prepare variable-sized latex particles ranging from nano to several microns from lauryl methacrylate (LMA) a highly hydrophobic monomer because of its long chain alkyl group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Epoxide Functional Hydrophobic Composite Polymer Particles by Suspension Polymerization and Subsequent Doping with Fe<sup>3</sup>O<sup>4</sup> Nanoparticles

Shabnam¹,

Rahman²,

Miah³

et al. 2017

J. Sci. Res.

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This investigation described a simple three-step process for the fabrication of micrometersized magnetic composite polymer particles. This composite polymer particle consisted of crosslinked hydrophobic poly(lauryl methacrylate-divinyl benzene) (P(LMA-DVB)) core, prepared by suspension polymerization. Then, P(LMA-DVB) copolymer core particles were coated with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) by seeded polymerization to introduce epoxide functionality. Finally, P(LMA-DVB)/PGMA composite particles were doped with iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles following in situ co-precipitation of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ from their alkali aqueous solution. The presence of strained oxirane ring derived from PGMA segment present at the surface is expected to induce high affinity towards precipitated magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. The compositional structure of P(LMA-DVB)/PGMA/Fe 3 O 4 composite polymer particles was confirmed by Fourier Transform IR (FTIR), electron microscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energydispersive X-ray (EDX).

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On the role of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity in aqueous heterophase polymerization

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

On the miniemulsion polymerization of very hydrophobic monomers initiated by a completely water‐insoluble initiator: thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanism

On the miniemulsion polymerization of very hydrophobic monomers initiated by a completely water‐insoluble initiator: thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanism

2-Amino-2-alkyl(aryl)propanenitriles as key building blocks for the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles

Fabrication of Epoxide Functional Hydrophobic Composite Polymer Particles by Suspension Polymerization and Subsequent Doping with Fe<sup>3</sup>O<sup>4</sup> Nanoparticles

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