On the Role of Boric Acid in the Watts Bath

Hoare, James P.

doi:10.1149/1.2108456

Cited by 103 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…When a broader potential window is used (Figure 3a), the anodic peaks appear at ∼−0.2 V (A1) followed by the peak at ∼+0.3 V (A2) and ∼+0.75 V (A3), indicating the dissolution of β-Ni and Ni metal, and oxidation of Ni species (hydroxide/oxide) respectively. 31,32 This shows that β-Ni is primarily formed when a higher negative potential is applied (>−1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl) compared to α-Ni. 33 The oxidation of Ni species to hydroxide/oxide was observed by the formation of a black deposited layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Nickel Electrodeposition on Silver for the Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes and Catalytic Membranes

Jamil

Ruiz‐Trejo

Brandon

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Nickel was electrodeposited on porous Ag/GDC (silver/Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 2-x ) scaffolds and dense Ag/GDC composites for the fabrication of SOFC electrodes and catalytic membranes respectively. To control the distribution and amount of nickel deposition on the Ag/GDC surfaces; first, a systematic cyclic voltammetry study of nickel electrodeposition from a Watts bath on silver foils was carried out to understand the influence of operating conditions on the electrodeposition process. From the cyclic voltammetry study, it can be concluded that suitable operating conditions for nickel electrodeposition into porous Ag/GDC scaffolds and catalytic membranes are: 1.1 M Ni 2+ concentration in Watts bath; deposition potential between −0.65 to −1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl; a temperature at 55 • C; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the surfactant; pH 4.0 ± 0.2 and an agitation rate of 500 rpm. It was observed that the nickel surface microstructure changed with the deposition current densities due to the co-evolution of H 2 . Pulse and continuous electrodeposition modes allow nickel to be deposited throughout porous Ag/GDC scaffolds and onto catalytic membranes. The pulse electrodeposition mode is favored as this is shown to result in an even Ni distribution within the porous scaffolds at minimum H 2 pitting. Nickel is used as a catalyst and current collector in electrochemical energy conversion systems such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), electrolysers, and as a catalyst in catalytic membranes ( Figure 1). Conventionally, Ni is incorporated into SOFC anodes by mechanically mixing NiO and ionic conductive materials such as yttriastabilized zirconia (YSZ) and Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 2-x (GDC), then sintering at high temperature. However, the use of relatively large volumes of Ni (∼30 vol%) needed to achieve adequate electronic conductivity in the electrodes will affect the stability of cell microstructure under redox cycling. Recent advances in the manufacture of SOFC anodes via infiltration of Ni nitrate solution into a porous backbone (scaffold) have made it possible to achieve an excellent performance with a significantly reduced amount of nickel.1,2 However, repeated infiltration involving heating and cooling cycles is a lengthy and energy consuming process, presenting challenges to its industrial application. An alternative is to use electroless and electrodeposition techniques, which offer the potential to accelerate the incorporation of Ni into porous scaffolds at room or near-room temperature. The electroless deposition of Ni is well known and it is a simple process used to coat any substrate, however the use of boron-or phosphorus-based reducing agents in this technique is unsuitable for fuel cells due to adverse catalytic effects of the residues.3 Alternatively, hydrazine has been used as the reducing agent in the past years 4-6 yet its high toxicity may not be suitable for large production.Catalytic membranes have shown their potential to reform methane to syngas (CO+H 2 ) by coupling oxygen separation from air and catalytic partial me...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Nickel Electrodeposition on Silver for the Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes and Catalytic Membranes

Jamil

Ruiz‐Trejo

Brandon

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…9 Tensile specimens also have characteristic caps, which are a result of plating over the e-beam developed features. These caps are quite isotropic, and somewhat resemble mushroom tops.…”

Section: Electroplatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanometallic Glasses: Size Reduction Brings Ductility, Surface State Drives Its Extent

Chen

Jang²,

Guan³

et al. 2013

Nano Lett.

116

100

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“…[20]. They suggested that H 3 BO 3 in the Watts bath acted not only as a pH buffer but also as a homogeneous catalyst by forming a complex with Ni ions to lower the overvoltage for nickel deposition [21]. Karwas et al also found that the addition of H 3 BO 3 to a Co-Zn plating bath increased nucleation density of the deposits, content of Zn in the deposited alloy, and current efficiency of the electrodeposition [22].…”

Section: Analysis Of the Zincating Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of zincate pretreatment on adhesion strength of a copper electroplating layer on AZ91 D magnesium alloy

Tang

Azumi

2011

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Cu was electrodeposited on AZ91 D Mg alloy with zincate pretreatment in an alkaline plating bath, and the effect of zincate pretreatment on adhesion strength of the Cu layer was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that Zn was mainly deposited on the α-phase surface, and ultrasonic agitation at the initial stage of the zincate pretreatment improved the coverage of the Zn layer even on the β-phase surface, resulting in enhancement of the adhesion strength of the Zn layer and the successive Cu layer to the substrate.Adhesion tests revealed that the plating layer peeled off at the mixed layer of Zn and Cu deposits formed at the interface between the zincated layer and the electrodeposited Cu layer.A smooth Cu surface was obtained in the plating bath containing H 3 BO 3 .

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On the Role of Boric Acid in the Watts Bath

Cited by 103 publications

References 7 publications

Nickel Electrodeposition on Silver for the Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes and Catalytic Membranes

Nickel Electrodeposition on Silver for the Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes and Catalytic Membranes

Nanometallic Glasses: Size Reduction Brings Ductility, Surface State Drives Its Extent

Influence of zincate pretreatment on adhesion strength of a copper electroplating layer on AZ91 D magnesium alloy

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