On the resilience of modern power systems: A comprehensive review from the cyber-physical perspective

Xu, Luo; Guo, Qinglai; Sheng, Yujie; Muyeen, S. M.; Sun, Hongbin

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111642

Cited by 63 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…They will be replayed to update the parameter of Q evaluation network, which improves the exploitation of transitions and decreases the relevance of these cascading failure transitions. Thanks to the reward design in (9), the actions that cannot terminal the MDP of resilience assessment still get non-zero reward. It means that the hindsight experience replay proposed for the sparse-reward MDP problem is not needed here [45].…”

Section: Improved Prioritized Experience Replaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resilience Assessment for Power Systems Under Sequential Attacks Using Double DQN With Improved Prioritized Experience Replay

Zeng

Yao

Shuai

et al. 2023

IEEE Systems Journal

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The information and communication technology enhances the performance and efficiency of cyber-physical power systems (CPPSs). However, it makes the topology of CPPSs more exposed to malicious cyber attacks in the meantime. This paper proposes a double deep-Q-network (DDQN) based resilience assessment method for power systems under sequential attacks. The DDQN agent is devoted to identifying the least sequential attacks to the ultimate collapse of the power system under different operating conditions. A cascading failure simulator considering the characteristics of generators is developed to avoid a relatively optimistic assessment result. In addition, a novel resilience index is proposed to reflect the capability of the power system to deliver power under sequential attacks. Then, an improved prioritized experience replay technique is developed to accelerate the convergence rate of the training process for DDQN agent. Simulation results on the IEEE 39-bus, 118-bus and 300bus power systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DDQN-based resilience assessment method.

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Section: Improved Prioritized Experience Replaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Email: hang-shuai523@gmail.com) Y. Zhou is with the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales, UK. (Email: ZhouY68@cardiff.ac.uk) provide guiding suggestions for the investment in resilienceenhancement countermeasures [9], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience Assessment for Power Systems Under Sequential Attacks Using Double DQN With Improved Prioritized Experience Replay

Zeng

Yao

Shuai

et al. 2023

IEEE Systems Journal

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“…In restoration, various smart grid methods is summarized in ref. [143] to enhance CPS resilience. Furthermore, the exploitation of other urban components' behaviors to inform the design of the physical system and the cyber system to ultimately enhance the resilience of CPS is introduced in ref.…”

Section: Cyber-physical Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilient power grid for smart city

Song

Wan

et al. 2022

iEnergy

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Modern power grid has a fundamental role in the operation of smart cities. However, high impact low probability extreme events bring severe challenges to the security of urban power grid. With an increasing focus on these threats, the resilience of urban power grid has become a prior topic for a modern smart city. A resilient power grid can resist, adapt to, and timely recover from disruptions. It has four characteristics, namely anticipation, absorption, adaptation, and recovery. This paper aims to systematically investigate the development of resilient power grid for smart city. Firstly, this paper makes a review on the high impact low probability extreme events categories that influence power grid, which can be divided into extreme weather and natural disaster, human-made malicious attacks, and social crisis. Then, resilience evaluation frameworks and quantification metrics are discussed. In addition, various existing resilience enhancement strategies, which are based on microgrids, active distribution networks, integrated and multi energy systems, distributed energy resources and flexible resources, cyber-physical systems, and some resilience enhancement methods, including probabilistic forecasting and analysis, artificial intelligence driven methods, and other cutting-edge technologies are summarized. Finally, this paper presents some further possible directions and developments for urban power grid resilience research, which focus on power-electronized urban distribution network, flexible distributed resource aggregation, cyber-physicalsocial systems, multi-energy systems, intelligent electrical transportation and artificial intelligence and Big Data technology.

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“…With the continuous evolution and in-depth integration of the physical power grid composed of practical equipment and the advanced information communication system (ICS), a powerful cyber physical power system (CPPS) has been gradually formed. In particular, with the deep interaction between the physical power grid and ICS, the high dependence of the power grid on the measurement data will cause great damage to the power system security and stability under cyber attacks that compromise the availability, integrity, and confidentiality of power grid data (Xu et al, 2021). Compared with physical attacks, some cyber attacks, such as the false data injection (FDI) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, are highly stealthy, easy to implement, and difficult to defend promptly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic game model for assessing risk of coordinated physical-cyber attacks in an AC/DC hybrid transmission system

Liu

Shi

2023

Front. Energy Res.

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The widely used intelligent measuring equipment not only makes the operation of AC/DC hybrid transmission system more safe and reliable, but also inevitably brings new problems and challenges such as the threats and hidden dangers of cyber attacks. Given this, how to effectively and comprehensively assess the inherent vulnerabilities of AC/DC hybrid transmission systems under the coordinated physical-cyber attacks is of critical significance. In this paper, a three-stage physical-cyber attack and defense risk assessment framework based on dynamic game theory is proposed. In the framework, the dynamic game process between attacker and defender is carried out for the power grid risk, which is expressed as the product of the attacker’s success probability in attacking the substation and the load loss caused by the attack. Regarding the probability of a successful attack, it depends on the number of funds invested by both attacker and defender sides considering the marginal effect, while the corresponding load loss caused depends on the cyber attack vector and the optimal load shedding scheme. For the solution of the proposed three-stage dynamic game framework, it is converted into a bi-level mathematical programming problem, in which the upper-level problem is solved by using the backward induction method to get the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium, and the lower-level problem is solved by using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to get the optimal amount of load shedding. Finally, the case study is performed on a modified IEEE 14-node AC/DC hybrid transmission test system, and the inherent weaknesses of the power grid are identified based on the risk assessment results, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed framework and method.

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On the resilience of modern power systems: A comprehensive review from the cyber-physical perspective

Cited by 63 publications

References 141 publications

Resilience Assessment for Power Systems Under Sequential Attacks Using Double DQN With Improved Prioritized Experience Replay

Resilience Assessment for Power Systems Under Sequential Attacks Using Double DQN With Improved Prioritized Experience Replay

Resilient power grid for smart city

A dynamic game model for assessing risk of coordinated physical-cyber attacks in an AC/DC hybrid transmission system

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