On the Relationships Among Sex, Age, Response Mode, Cardiac Cycle Phase, Breathing Cycle Phase, and Simple Reaction Time

Engel, Bernard T.; Thorne, Phillip R.; Quilter, Reginald E.

doi:10.1093/geronj/27.4.456

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…For word units, it seems that all participants performed at ceiling (on average at around 240 ms), close to the speed of simple reaction times [28]. Proficient readers under ‘normal’ circumstances (i.e., who have a whole page full of text available to them) however, usually read even faster, at 200 ms per word [4].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connected Text Reading and Differences in Text Reading Fluency in Adult Readers

2013

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The process of connected text reading has received very little attention in contemporary cognitive psychology. This lack of attention is in parts due to a research tradition that emphasizes the role of basic lexical constituents, which can be studied in isolated words or sentences. However, this lack of attention is in parts also due to the lack of statistical analysis techniques, which accommodate interdependent time series. In this study, we investigate text reading performance with traditional and nonlinear analysis techniques and show how outcomes from multiple analyses can used to create a more detailed picture of the process of text reading. Specifically, we investigate reading performance of groups of literate adult readers that differ in reading fluency during a self-paced text reading task. Our results indicate that classical metrics of reading (such as word frequency) do not capture text reading very well, and that classical measures of reading fluency (such as average reading time) distinguish relatively poorly between participant groups. Nonlinear analyses of distribution tails and reading time fluctuations provide more fine-grained information about the reading process and reading fluency.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connected Text Reading and Differences in Text Reading Fluency in Adult Readers

2013

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“…Some of the factors that have an influence on sensorimotor responses include the state of attention of arousal [22], age [23][24][25][26], and sex [27][28]. The type of stimuli also plays a role, and it has been shown that the reaction to touch (tactile stimuli) is about 155 ms, which is comparable with auditory RTs (140-160 ms) but slower than visual RTs (180-200 ms); the main differences are attributed to the time it takes the brain to receive the signal [29].…”

Section: Artificial Sensory Feedback Systems In Prostheses May Ultimamentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an artificial sensory feedback system for prosthetic mobility rehabilitation: Examination of sensorimotor responses

et al. 2014

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Abstract-People with lower-limb amputation have reduced mobility due to loss of sensory information, which may be restored by artificial sensory feedback systems built into prostheses. For an effective system, it is important to understand how humans sense, interpret, and respond to the feedback that would be provided. The goal of this study was to examine sensorimotor responses to mobility-relevant stimuli. Three experiments were performed to examine the effects of location of stimuli, frequency of stimuli, and means for providing the response. Stimuli, given as vibrations, were applied to the thigh region, and responses involved leg movements. Sensorimotor reaction time (RT) was measured as the duration between application of the stimulus and initiation of the response. Accuracy of response was also measured. Overall average RTs for one response option were 0.808 +/-0.142 s, and response accuracies were >90%. Higher frequencies (220 vs 140 Hz) of vibration stimulus provided in anterior regions of the thigh produced the fastest RTs. When participants were presented with more than one stimulus and response option, RTs increased. Findings suggest that long sensorimotor responses may be a limiting factor in the development of an artificial feedback system for mobility rehabilitation applications; however, feed-forward techniques could potentially help to address these limitations.

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“…Another study by Engel [443] found a 6.19% lower performance concerning audio feedback for female test participants.…”

Section: D3 Gender Differencementioning

confidence: 91%