On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe.

Yik, Michelle; Mues, Chiel; Sze, Irene Nga-Lam; Kuppens, Peter; Tuerlinckx, Francis; Roover, Kim De; Kwok, Felity H. C.; Schwartz, Shalom H.; Abu-Hilal, Maher M.; Adebayo, Damilola Fisayo; Aguilar, Pilar Corrales; Al-Bahrani, Muna; Anderson, Marc H.; Andrade, Laura Novaes; Bratko, Denis; Bushina, Ekaterina; Choi, Jeong Won; Cieciuch, Jan; Denis, Vincent; Evers, Uwana; Fischer, Ronald; Flórez, Ivonne Andrea; Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B; Gari, Aikaterini; Graf, Sylvie; Haľama, Peter; Halberstadt, Jamin; Halim, Magdalena S.; Heilman, Renata M.; Hřebı́čková, Martina; Karl, Johannes Alfons; Knežević, Goran; Kohút, Michal; Kolnes, Martin; Lazarević, Ljiljana B.; Lebedeva, Nadezhda; Lee, Julie; Lee, Youngho; Liu, Chunquan; Mannerström, Rasmus; Marušić, Iris; Nansubuga, Florence; Ojedokun, Oluyinka; Park, Joonha; Platt, Tracey; Proyer, René T.; Realo, Anu; Rolland, Jean‐Pierre; Ruch, Willibald; Ruiz-Aranda, Desireé; Sortheix, Florencia M.; Stahlmann, Alexander G.; Stojanov, Ana; Strus, Włodzimierz; Tamir, Maya; Torres, Cláudio; Cano, Ángela María Trujillo; Ha, Trương Thi Khanh; Utsugi, Akira; Vecchione, Michele; Wang, Lei; Russell, James A.

doi:10.1037/emo0001095

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Instead, we observe a quadratic relationship: Highly negative and highly positive valence, in particular, were associated with greater subjective arousal. This suggests an asymmetrical V-shaped relationship, which is indeed globally the most commonly observed pattern (Yik et al, 2022). This V-shape may provide a unifying explanation for otherwise conflicting results: both "joyful" (fast, positive) and "touching" (slow, negative) stimuli have been found to stimulate cognition (Proverbio et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Emotional valence perception in music and subjective arousal: Experimental validation of stimuli

Hofbauer

Rodriguez

2023

Int J Psychol

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Musical stimuli are widely used in emotion research and intervention studies. However, reviews have repeatedly noted that a lack of pre‐evaluated musical stimuli is stalling progress in our understanding of specific effects of varying music. Musical stimuli vary along a plethora of dimensions. Of particular interest are emotional valence and tempo. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the emotional valence of a set of slow and fast musical stimuli. N = 102 (mean age: 39.95, SD: 13.60, 61% female) participants rated the perceived emotional valence in 20 fast (>110 beats per minute [bmp]) and 20 slow (<90 bpm) stimuli. Moreover, we collected reports on subjective arousal for each stimulus to explore arousal's association with tempo and valence. Finally, participants completed questionnaires on demographics, mood (profile of mood states), personality (10‐item personality index), musical sophistication (Gold‐music sophistication index), and sound preferences and hearing habits (sound preference and hearing habits questionnaire). Using mixed‐effect model estimates, we identified 19 stimuli that participants rated to have positive valence and 16 stimuli that they rated to have negative valence. Higher age predicted more positive valence ratings across stimuli. Higher tempo and more extreme valence ratings were each associated with higher arousal. Higher educational attainment was also associated with higher arousal reports. Pre‐evaluated stimuli can be used in future musical research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Emotional valence perception in music and subjective arousal: Experimental validation of stimuli

Hofbauer

Rodriguez

2023

Int J Psychol

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“…The regression equation was arousal = 2.156 + 0.046 × valence + 0.368 × valence 2 . As shown in Figure 2 , both pleasant and unpleasant emotions were accompanied by activation (refer to the study by Yik et al [ 37 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The circumplex model of affect defines emotion in a Cartesian space with 2 independent dimensions and has received support in various cultural settings [ 34 - 37 ]. The horizontal axis, valence, denotes the degree of pleasantness and unpleasantness, and the vertical axis, arousal, denotes the degree of activation and deactivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emotional Anatomy of the Wuhan Lockdown: Sentiment Analysis Using Weibo Data

Chen¹,

Yik²

2022

JMIR Form Res

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Background On January 23, 2020, the city of Wuhan, China, was sealed off in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies have found that the lockdown was associated with both positive and negative emotions, although their findings are not conclusive. In these studies, emotional responses to the Wuhan lockdown were identified using lexicons based on limited emotion types. Objective This study aims to map Chinese people’s emotional responses to the Wuhan lockdown and compare Wuhan residents’ emotions with those of people elsewhere in China by analyzing social media data from Weibo using a lexicon based on the circumplex model of affect. Methods Social media posts on Weibo from 2 weeks before to 2 weeks after the Wuhan lockdown was imposed (January 9, 2020, to February 6, 2020) were collected. Each post was coded using a valence score and an arousal score. To map emotional trajectories during the study period, we used a data set of 359,190 posts. To compare the immediate emotional responses to the lockdown and its longer-term emotional impact on Wuhan residents (n=1236) and non-Hubei residents (n=12,714), we used a second data set of 57,685 posts for multilevel modeling analyses. Results Most posts (248,757/359,190, 69.25%) made during the studied lockdown period indicated a pleasant mood with low arousal. A gradual increase in both valence and arousal before the lockdown was observed. The posts after the lockdown was imposed had higher valence and arousal than prelockdown posts. On the day of lockdown, the non-Hubei group had a temporarily boosted valence (γ20=0.118; SE 0.021; P<.001) and arousal (γ30=0.293; SE 0.022; P<.001). Compared with non-Hubei residents, the Wuhan group had smaller increases in valence (γ21=−0.172; SE 0.052; P<.001) and arousal (γ31=−0.262; SE 0.053; P<.001) on the day of lockdown. Weibo users’ emotional valence (γ40=0.000; SE 0.001; P=.71) and arousal (γ40=0.001; SE 0.001; P=.56) remained stable over the 2 weeks after the lockdown was imposed regardless of geographical location (valence: γ41=−0.004, SE 0.003, and P=.16; arousal: γ41=0.003, SE 0.003, and P=.26). Conclusions During the early stages of the pandemic, most Weibo posts indicated a pleasant mood with low arousal. The overall increase in the posts’ valence and arousal after the lockdown announcement might indicate collective cohesion and mutual support in web-based communities during a public health crisis. Compared with the temporary increases in valence and arousal of non-Hubei users on the day of lockdown, Wuhan residents’ emotions were less affected by the announcement. Overall, our data suggest that Weibo users were not influenced by the lockdown measures in the 2 weeks after the lockdown announcement. Our findings offer policy makers insights into the usefulness of social connections in maintaining the psychological well-being of people affected by a lockdown.

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“…Overall, those high on N tended to experience unpleasant (neither activated nor deactivated) affect, while those high on E tended to experience pleasantly aroused affect (e.g., excited ). Kuppens et al (2017) tested the moderating effect of personality on the correlation between valence and arousal and found that N and E were strongly related to the valence-arousal relationship (see also Yik et al, 2022). In the present study, we used Yik’s (2009) Chinese Circumplex Model of Affect (CCMA) scales to examine the affective core of the G4 scales.…”

Section: Neo Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Chinese Personality: An Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the NEO-PI-3 in Monolingual and Bilingual Studies

et al. 2022

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The NEO-PI-3 is a fourth-generation instrument that has been shown to improve the psychometrics and readability of its immediate precedent, the NEO-PI-R. We examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese versions of the NEO-PI-R and NEO-PI-3 using three datasets ( Ns = 913, 299, 403) collected using both monolingual and bilingual designs. The Chinese NEO-PI-3 scales displayed a five-factor structure in which the facets had the highest loadings on their intended factors. The structure demonstrated strong invariance across both languages (English vs. Chinese) and gender groups, maintained high test-retest reliability, and attained slightly better internal consistency than the NEO-PI-R. We also examined the affective underpinnings of personality factors and well-being measures using the Chinese Circumplex Model of Affect. Consistent with past findings, Neuroticism and Extraversion were most related to affect, while Satisfaction with Life and Subjective Happiness shared the affective core of pleasant feelings and medium arousal. Based on these results, the Chinese NEO-PI-3 appears to be a sound instrument to measure personality in Chinese communities and to compare personality across cultures.

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On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe.

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Emotional valence perception in music and subjective arousal: Experimental validation of stimuli

Emotional valence perception in music and subjective arousal: Experimental validation of stimuli

The Emotional Anatomy of the Wuhan Lockdown: Sentiment Analysis Using Weibo Data

Mapping Chinese Personality: An Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the NEO-PI-3 in Monolingual and Bilingual Studies

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