On the relationship between the degree of preferred orientation in precipitation and dual‐polarization radar echo characteristics

Hendry, A.W.; Antar, Yahia M. M.; McCormick, G.

doi:10.1029/rs022i001p00037

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These deductions are in good agreement with the observations of the canting-angle distributions of raindrops using linear and circular polarisation measurements [6]. In this paper we assume that the raindrops are equi-oriented with the minor axis of the oblate spheroid being vertical [23].…”

Section: N Re F[jhh(d)-fvv(d)]n(d) Dd Kosupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The pioneering studies of McCormick, Hendry and their associates at the National Research Council of Canada have established the basis of polarimetric techniques, both for backscatter as well as forward scatter (propagation), using circular polarisation [3][4][5][6]. They have reported measurements of differential attenuaton and differential phase shift in rain at K-, Xand S-hands, using the range profile of W /W 2 were W is the complex crosscovariance between the co-and crosspolar (simultaneously) received signals and W 2 is the conventional reflectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polarimetric radar signatures of precipitation at S and C-bands

Bringi

Chandrasekar

Meischner³

et al. 1991

IEE Proc. F Radar Signal Process. UK

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Polarimetric radar measurements in precipitation at S-and C-band frequencies are considered. Time series data were obtained from three advanced radars: the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) CP-2 radar, the National Severe Storms Laboratory's (NSSL) Cimarron radar, and the C-band Poldirad radar operated by the German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR). Measurements of radar reflectivity, differential reflectivity Z DR, differential propagation phase cjJ DP, and the crosscorrelation between horizontal and vertical polarised waves are derived from time series data in rain, rain mixed with ice, and in the stratiform ice phase of convective storms. Raindrops are modelled as oblate in shape with a gamma form for their size distribution. The gamma parameters (N 0 , D 0 , m) are varied over an entire range encompassing a wide variety of rainfall types. The radar rain measurements are shown to be in good general agreement with the model rain simulations. By combining ZvR and cPvP it is possible to identify regions of mixed particle types, e.g. raindrops and hail, or ice crystals and snowflakes. The differential phase upon backscatter may be identified by examining the range profile of cPvP• giving additional clues as to the type and size of particles responsible for the backscatter.

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Section: N Re F[jhh(d)-fvv(d)]n(d) Dd Kosupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarimetric radar signatures of precipitation at S and C-bands

Bringi

Chandrasekar

Meischner³

et al. 1991

IEE Proc. F Radar Signal Process. UK

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“…The main assumptions are : (a) The attenuation and reflection are calculated for spherical particles using Mie theory. Measurements with polarisation radar (Hall et al [7], Hendry et al [8]) clearly show horizontal flattening of the particles towards the end of melting and this phenomenon could be included in the model when the shape and angle distributions of these particles are better known.…”

Section: The Melting Layer Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation and reflection of radio waves by a melting layer of precipitation

Klaassen

1990

IEE Proc. H Microw. Antennas Propag. UK

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Attenuation and reflection of a melting layer are calculated using a meteorological model. The model employs a new scheme for the calculation of the dielectric properties of melting ice particles with densities ranging from those of loose snow to hail, and a new scheme for calculating the melting rate is employed. The input parameters are derived from high resolution Doppler radar data and provide a data set for statistical analysis. Statistical relations were derived for attenuation in the melting layer based on measurements made with a surface rain gauge, a radar (with and without a polarisation facility), and a lower frequency satellite link. It was found that the specific attenuation of melting snow surpasses the value of rain because of the larger size and particle number density during melting, the attenuation within the melting layer increasing with its reflection. In stratiform precipitation, the attenuation in the melting layer is found to increase only slightly with frequency. The reflection in the melting layer decreases with the frequency of the radio waves in such a way that a bright band is only observed for frequencies below 20 GHz.

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“…Our modeling results also showed that it is possible to separate orientation effects from shape effects as was suggested by [28]. This is done by calculating LDR (linear depolarization ratio) in the characteristic polarization basis and also in the linear basis 45°in tilt angle from the characteristic polarization basis.…”

Section: Comparison Of Voltage Equationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In order to separate particle shape effects from the effects of orientation (i.e., spread of canting angle distribution) a technique suggested by [28] is used. They showed that the ratio of the maximum to minimum LDR value for linear polarizations is nearly independent of shape effects and depends primarily on orientation effects.…”

Section: B Separation Of Shape and Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specular null polarization theory: applications to radar meteorology

Hubbert

Bringi

1996

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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The bilinear polarization transfer function that relates incident and scattered polarization ratios in the LRH is (see Appendix A EN'The two polarization ratios are related by Equation (7) can be used as a common starting point to develop and compare the optimum polarizations of radar, optic and specular null polarization theories (SNPT) as was done by Hubbert [5]. The optimum polarizations in traditional radar polarimetry, henceforth called Kennaugh's polarization theory (KPT), called cross-polar nulls are the equivalent of the eigenpolarizations in optic polarimetry. We note however, that the optic eigenpolarizations are not the same polarization states as the KPT cross-polar nulls. In other words, for the same coherent scatterer different transmit polarizations will produce nulls in the "cross-polar" powers as is defined in optic polarimetry, KPT and SNPT. Using (7) the eigenpolarizations

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On the relationship between the degree of preferred orientation in precipitation and dual‐polarization radar echo characteristics

Cited by 44 publications

References 17 publications

Polarimetric radar signatures of precipitation at S and C-bands

Polarimetric radar signatures of precipitation at S and C-bands

Attenuation and reflection of radio waves by a melting layer of precipitation

Specular null polarization theory: applications to radar meteorology

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