On the relations between crowding and visual masking

Huckauf, Anke; Heller, Dieter

doi:10.3758/bf03194903

Cited by 40 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This type B-masking in crowded stimuli replicates earlier findings for letters (Huckauf & Heller, 2004). Moreover, in the present study, type B-masking occurred only for incongruent combinations of target and flankers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…As has been shown, crowding tasks result in type-A and type-B masking, depending on the spacing between target and flankers (Huckauf & Heller, 2004). Type A-masking, that is increasing performance with increasing delay between target and flankers, can easily be explained by the fact that there is more time to process the first stimulus alone and thus less time for interactions among the stimuli.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Semantic processing of crowded stimuli?

Huckauf

Knops

Nuerk

et al. 2008

Psychological Research

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Effects of semantic processing of crowded characters were investigated using numbers as stimuli. In an identification task, typical spacing effects in crowding were replicated. Using the same stimuli in a magnitude comparison task, a smaller effect of spacing was observed as well as an effect of response congruency. These effects were replicated in a second experiment with varying stimulus-onset asynchronies. In addition, decreasing performance with increasing onset-asynchrony (so-called type-B masking) for incongruent flankers indicates semantic processing of target and flankers. The data show that semantic processing takes place even in crowded stimuli. This argues strongly against common accounts of crowding in terms of early stimulus-driven impairments of processing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Semantic processing of crowded stimuli?

Huckauf

Knops

Nuerk

et al. 2008

Psychological Research

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show abstract

“…When the dynamics of the crowding effect is studied by delaying either the flankers or the target, the letter superiority effect disappears within about 75 ms, or even reverses for delayed flankers (Huckauf & Heller, 2004). At similar delays and under certain spatial conditions, letter flankers interfere with target recognition more than they do when presented simultaneously (Huckauf & Heller, 2004), a fact usually referred to as type-B masking. These results indicate that interference caused by preliminary information can even be stronger than interference caused by more detailed information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Task set determines the amount of crowding

Huckauf

2006

Psychological Research

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The present study deals with the question of how crowding effects, which are interactions among adjacent features or characters, emerges automatically or by so-called higher level controlled processing. Two experiments are presented comparing performances during detecting, localizing, and identifying a flanked target in same strings when the target was defined on the basis of either its form or its category. Detection and localization performances were better for form- relative to category-defined targets whereas the reverse was observed for identification performance. This shows that the interacting information is indeed high level in that it is affected by task settings like the defining target feature and the observers' task set. The results suggest that crowding effects do not emerge due to processes depending on the parameters of stimulus presentation, but due to processes activated by certain task sets.

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“…Since the strength of the between-element interaction is strongly dependent on low-level factors such as target eccentricity and target-Xanker spacing, the eVect is usually assumed to be based on bottom up-processing. Spacing and lateral interaction eVects with strings of letters or words have been studied by Dieter Heller and colleagues for almost 15 years (e.g., Nazir, Heller & Sussmann, 1992;Huckauf, Heller & Nazir, 1999;Huckauf & Heller, 2004), with the present study representing the latest step in a programmatic line of research.…”

Section: Huckauf Knops and Willmesmentioning

confidence: 96%