On the relation of thyroid disturbances to maze performance.

Carlson, William S.

doi:10.1037/h0062507

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Irrespective of the age at which thyroidectomy was carried out the rate of performance of the thyroidectomized rats was slower than that of their litter-mate controls, and this finding is in general agreement with observations on the mental reactions of man and with the increased time taken to run a maze by laboratory animals (Carlson, 1941;Rickey, 1925;Rockwell, 1931;Eayrs & Lishman, 1955). They are also con¬ sistent with the findings of Broadhurst & Levine ( 1962) who, using the same apparatus, showed that in two strains of rat differing genetically in level of thyroid function the relatively hypothyroid animals responded with longer latency and a greater number of errors than the relatively hyperthyroid animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…With regard to the number of errors made, Carlson (1941) reported that performance was poorer in thyroidectomized rats and improved in mildly hyper¬ thyroid animals, a finding in agreement with that of Watanabe & Nomura (1936). Otherwise, apart from Rickey (1925), who claimed a significant falling-off of learning ability after giving thyroid substance (possibly as a result of toxic dosage), most workers have failed to show any effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Workers who have studied maze-learning ability in hypo-and hyperthyroid states have found that time scores are either increased (Carlson, 1941 ;Rickey, 1925;Rockwell, 1931) or unchanged (Brody, 1942) following thyroidectomy, and reduced (Brody, 1942;Carlson, 1941) or unchanged (Mann, 1942) as a result of giving thyroid hormone. With regard to the number of errors made, Carlson (1941) reported that performance was poorer in thyroidectomized rats and improved in mildly hyper¬ thyroid animals, a finding in agreement with that of Watanabe & Nomura (1936).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Influence of Thyroidectomy and Subsequent Replacement Therapy Upon Conditioned Avoidance Learning in the Rat

Eayrs¹,

Levine²

1963

Journal of Endocrinology

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1.A shuttle-box technique (unconditioned stimulus\p=m-\electricshock; conditioned stimulus\p=m-\buzzer) has been used to study conditioned avoidance learning in rats thyroidectomized on the day of birth and during adult life. The effects of medication with thyroid hormone have also been examined.2. Both classes of thyroidectomized rat made significantly more errors than did normal litter-mates, an effect which was more marked following neonatal thyroidectomy than in animals thyroidectomized when adult. As a result of thyroidectomy the latencies of the response to both conditioned and unconditioned stimuli increased but rate of performance and the number of inter-trial crossings was reduced.3. Replacement therapy restored all these measures in the direction of normal. In most instances the differences in performance between normal and thyroidectomized rats of both classes was eliminated by medication, the behaviour of medicated thyroidectomized rats differing significantly from that of unmedicated animals and but little from the controls. 4. The relationship of these findings to the developmental and metabolic functions of the thyroid and to earlier behavioural studies on the significance of the age of thyroidectomy and medication are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Influence of Thyroidectomy and Subsequent Replacement Therapy Upon Conditioned Avoidance Learning in the Rat

Eayrs¹,

Levine²

1963

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…A lack of effect of hypo-or hyperthyroidism on acquisition and retention has been reported [5,10,11,20]. Thyroidectomy has been found to reduce the rate of learning as well as the rate of extinction [21,23,24,26] and thyroxin has been shown to accelerate avoidance acquisition [2,21,23], to be deleterious to learning of a brightness discrimination [26] or to reduce retention in a maze learning situation [6]. These discrepancies may be the result of differences in the rate of thyroid deficiency, the duration of thyroid hormone deprivation, the amount of thyroxin administered and the duration of the treatment, the difference in age of the animals [12] and the respective techniques used by the various investigators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The inhibitory effect of ACTH 1–10 on extinction of a conditioned avoidance response: Its independence of thyroid function

Wied¹,

Pirie²

1968

Physiology & Behavior

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Prom. The inhibitory effect of A CTH 1-10 on extinction of a conditioned avoidance response: its independence of thyroid function. [355][356][357][358] 1968.--Theeffect oftheAC'rH analogue ACTH 1-10 was studied on the rate of extinction of a pole jumping avoidance response in thyroidectomized rats with or without replacement therapy with l-thyroxin. ACTH 1-10 appeared to delay the rate of extinction of the CAR in thyroidectomized rats in a similar way as in sham-operated animals. ACTH 1-10 was also active in thyroidectomized rats treated with thyroxin. The thyroxin treatment itself also caused a significant delay in the rate of extinction of the CAR. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of AC17-I analogues on the rate of extinction of the CAR is not mediated by the thyroid gland. ThyroidectomyACTH analogue (ACTH 1-10) Extinction Pole jumping avoidance response IN P.ECENT years attention has been focused upon the effect of ACTH and related peptides on conditioned avoidance behavior [1,17,19,22,28,29]. These peptides delay extinction of a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) in rats. Similar ACTH-analogues have been shown to stimulate thyroid gland activity [3,7,9,27]. The thyroid seems implicated in acquisition and retention of avoidance behavior as well as in spontaneous behavior [2,12,13,14,15,16,18,21,23,24]. It might be possible therefore that ACTHanalogues exert their influence on avoidance behavior by mediation of the thyroid gland. For this reason, experiments were performed on the effect of an ACTH-analogue (ACTH 1-10) on the rate of extinction of an avoidance response in adult thyroidectomized rats with and without replacement therapy with thyroxin. MATERIALS AND METHODSMale white rats of an inbred Wistar strain weighing between 105 and 120 g were used. Thyroidectomy was performed under ether anesthesia. An incision in the skin above the trachea was made. The thyroid gland including the parathyroids was carefully dissected free from the trachea and removed. Sham-operated rats served as controls. Animals were allowed to recover from the operation for I0 days. Thereafter avoidance conditioning was begun. The efficacy of the operation was determined by macroscopic inspection of the trachea region for thyroid remnants at the end of each experiment. Data from animals with remnants were dis-

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“…Ό έλεγχος τής ικανότητος μαθήσεως είς λαβύρινθον εδειξεν οτι, ô σημειούμενος χρόνος παραμένει ανεπηρέαστος μετά θυρεοειδεκτομήν (Brody 1942) ή αυξάνεται (ήτοι έλαττουται ή γενική έπίδοσις μαθήσεως) (Carlson 1941, Rickey 1925, ένω μετά χορήγησιν θυροξίνης παραμένει ανεπηρέαστος (Mann 1942) ή έλαττουται (ήτοι αυξάνεται ή γενική έπίδοσις) (Brody 1942, andCarlson 1941).…”

Section: πειραματικοί έργασίαι επί της δράσεως των θυρεοειδικών ορμονών εις το κνςunclassified

Επιδρασις Της Χλωροπρομαζινης Επι Της Συμπεριφορας Θυρεοτοξικων Επιμ- Υων

Δουκα¹

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Θερμά ευχαριστώ επίσης τον καθηγητή κ. Μενέλαον Μπατρίνον ò οποίος με καθωδήγησεν εις δ,τι άφορα την ένδοκρινολογικήν αποψιν της εργασίας μου. Τον φίλο και συνάδελφον Ί. Στ. Παπαδόπουλον θερμά ευχαριστώ δια την τόσο πολύτιμη βοήθειάν του, καθ' όλον το διάστημα της εκπονήσεως αυτής της διατριβής. Ευχαριστώ πο?ώ επίσης τον συνάδελφο και φίλο Γ. Άθ. Παπαδόπουλον δια το ενδιαφέρον του και τήν βοήθειάν του τήν οποίαν ουδέποτε αρνήθηκε, δσες φορές και αν τήν εζήτησα. Δια συγκεκριμένην βοήθειάν επίσης ευχαριστώ τήν διευθύντριαν τοΰ Άναισθησιολογικοΰ τμήματος τοΰ Νοσοκομείου «Βασιλεύς Παύλος» κ. Σ. Καμβύση-Αέα, τον επιμελητήν τοΰ εργαστηρίου Πειρ. Φαρμακολογίας κ. Π. Κανιάρην, τονέπιμελητήν τοΰ εργαστηρίου 'Υγιεινής κ. Δ. Τόγκον, ώς και τήν παρασκευάστρια τοΰ εργαστηρίου Πειραματικής Φαρμακολογίας δ. Έλ. Καπώνη. 'Ελπίζοντας δτι δεν ελησμόνησα κανένα ευχαριστώ τέλος τήν δ. Μ. Μπαλ*.ταζάνη δια τήν επιμελημένη δακτυλογράφηση τοΰ κειμένου. Ή παροΰσα διατριβή εγένετο κατόπιν ειδικής υποτροφίας προς λήψιν διδακτορικοΰ διπλώματος, εκ τοΰ Ι.Κ.Υ. ('Ιδρύματος Κρατικών Υποτροφιών) κατόπιν διαγωνισμοΰ.

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On the relation of thyroid disturbances to maze performance.

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Influence of Thyroidectomy and Subsequent Replacement Therapy Upon Conditioned Avoidance Learning in the Rat

Influence of Thyroidectomy and Subsequent Replacement Therapy Upon Conditioned Avoidance Learning in the Rat

The inhibitory effect of ACTH 1–10 on extinction of a conditioned avoidance response: Its independence of thyroid function

Επιδρασις Της Χλωροπρομαζινης Επι Της Συμπεριφορας Θυρεοτοξικων Επιμ- Υων

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