On the relation between glare and straylight

Berg, T. J. T. P. Van Den

doi:10.1007/bf00165678

Cited by 114 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It has been described as a reduction of visual acuity caused by light elsewhere in the field of vision [12]. For example, when driving at night, oncoming headlights might reduce visual function [13]. Disability glare gives an understanding of the patient's actual visual impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of straylight measurement by C-Quant for assessment of retinal straylight using the compensation comparison method

Guber,

Bachmann,

Guber

et al. 2011

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Background Straylight gives the appearance of a veil of light thrown over a person's retinal image when there is a strong light source present. We examined the reproducibility of the measurements by C-Quant, and assessed its correlation to characteristics of the eye and subjects' age. Participants and Methods Five repeated straylight measurements were taken using the dominant eye of 45 healthy subjects (age 21-59) with a BCVA of 20/20: 14 emmetropic, 16 myopic, eight hyperopic and seven with astigmatism. We assessed the extent of reproducibility of straylight measures using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results The mean straylight value of all measurements was 1.01 (SD 0.23, median 0.97, interquartile range 0.85-1.1). Per 10 years of age, straylight increased in average by 0.10 (95%CI 0.04 to 0.16, p<0.01]. We found no independent association of refraction (range −5.25 dpt to +2 dpt) on straylight values (0.001; 95%CI −0.022 to 0.024, p=0.92). Compared to emmetropic subjects, myopia reduced straylight (−.011; −0.024 to 0.02, p=0.11), whereas higher straylight values (0.09; −0.01 to 0.20, p=0.09) were observed in subjects with blue irises as compared to darkcolored irises when correcting for age. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of repeated measurements was 0.83 (95%CI 0.76 to 0.90). Conclusions Our study showed that straylight measurements with the C-Quant had a high reproducibility, i.e. a lack of large intra-observer variability, making it appropriate to be applied in long-term follow-up studies assessing the long-term effect of surgical procedures on the quality of vision.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of straylight measurement by C-Quant for assessment of retinal straylight using the compensation comparison method

Guber,

Bachmann,

Guber

et al. 2011

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…Most of these measure either visual acuity or contrast sensitivity in the presence of a glare source. None of these tests evolved to a widely accepted standard, [7][8][9] which favoured the straylight meter being coined as the gold standard. 10 Currently, glare is a parameter for visual function that is not evaluated prior to obtaining a driver's license.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disability Glare in the Aging Eye. Assessment and Impact on Driving☆

Berg

Rijn

Kaper-Bongers

et al. 2009

Journal of Optometry

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PURPOSE:To compare different methods for the assessment of disability glare sensitivity in the elderly, to arrive at an objective assessment of the condition of the eye. To delineate the importance of straylight values in vision. METHODS: Three groups of subjects were studied: 1) Young subjects without any eye disease, 2) elderly subjects without any eye disease and 3) elderly subjects with (early) cataract in at least one eye. All subjects underwent 2 glare tests, 2 straylight tests, ETDRS visual acuity test, Pelli Robson contrast sensitivity test, refraction, LOCS III cataract classification. Straylight was quantified by means of the straylight parameter s. RESULTS: Repeatability, discriminative ability, and added value as compared to visual acuity were low for the glare tests and good for the straylight measurements. For young normal subjects, with log(s)=0.9, the standard glare situation with low beams gives a contrast reduction of 1.3, whereas for the healthy 77 year olds this increases to 2. With cataract hardly affecting visual acuity, log(s) can be as high as 1.8, resulting in a contrast reduction of 3.4. CONCLUSION: Straylight measurement is of relevance for the assessment of the glare-related hindrance during driving, and can be used to objectify complaints and aid in the decision-making regarding cataract surgery. (J Optom 2009;2:112-118 ©2009 Spanish Council of Optometry) KEY WORDS: straylight; glare sensitivity; disability glare; CIE; aging; driving. RESUMEN OBJETIVO:Comparar diferentes métodos para medir la sensibilidad al deslumbramiento perturbador en sujetos de edades avanzadas, con el fin además de lograr una valoración objetiva de las afecciones oculares. Definir la importancia que tiene la luz dispersa (parásita) sobre la visión. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron tres grupos de sujetos: 1) Sujetos jóvenes sin ningún tipo de afección ocular, 2) sujetos de edad avanzada sin ningún tipo de afección ocular y 3) sujetos de edad avanzada con cataratas (incipientes) en, al menos, uno de los ojos. A todos los sujetos se les realizaron, entre otras, 2 pruebas de deslumbramiento y 2 pruebas de luz dispersa, se les midió la agudeza visual mediante optotipos ETDRS (siglas en inglés del Estudio sobre el tratamiento temprano de la retinopatía diabética), la sensibilidad al contraste con el test de Pelli-Robson, la refracción, y se clasificó la catarata (para sujetos del tercer grupo) utilizando el Sistema de Clasificación de Opacidades del Cristalino( o sus siglas en inglés, LOCS III). La luz dispersa (parásita) se cuantificó por medio del parámetro de luz dispersa s. RESULTADOS: La repetibilidad, la capacidad discriminativa, y el valor añadido, resultaron ser bajos para los tests de deslumbramiento pero buenos para las medidas de la luz dispersa (en comparación con los valores que proporciona la medida de la agudeza visual). Para los sujetos jóvenes sin patologías oculares, con log(s)=0,9, la situación habitual de deslumbramiento con haces bajos causa una reducción del contraste del 1,3, mientras que para l...

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“…Other authors, as noted in the introduction, have attempted to evaluate whether there is a correlation between the degree of lens opacification (reflected dispersion), that is perceived by the clinician on slit lamp examination, and the reduction in vision measured by high contrast acuity [25,[30][31][32] or by contrast sensitivity [33][34][35][36][37][38][39], or whether it is correlated with the increased measure of straylight assessed by the C-Quant [25,34,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. In the study presented here, this was difficult to assess because the cohort was small and consisted primarily of eyes with moderate nuclear cataracts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the repeatability, as well as the discriminative ability of those glare tests that have been studied were often found to be inadequate [24,39]. Because of these deficiencies, a standard method of glare measurement has never been adopted, as discussed in several papers [25,34,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. Van den Berg in 1992 [50] proposed a new method to measure dysfunction caused by retinal straylight, termed the "direct compensation" method, in which a bright, ring-shaped, flickering light source was presented at an angular distance from a central visualized test field.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer Measurement of Central Visual Acuity under Mesopic and Glare Conditions in Eyes with Nuclear Cataract

Gutstein¹,

Sinclair²,

Presti³

et al. 2015

J Comput Sci Syst Biol

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BackgroundCataract lens opacification and color changes, occurring with age [1,2] and with systemic or ocular disease [3][4][5], world-wide have become the most common cause of visual complaints, primarily of glare and reduced contrast for multiple tasks in bright as well as dim light. Central visual acuity (VA), as measured by high contrast charts, has been demonstrated to be a poor determinant of visual function as well as patient complaints in eyes with significant cataract changes [6]. Patients having a cataract may demonstrate good visual acuity, whereas the contrast sensitivity testing demonstrates impairment even at early stages of the cataract development [3][4][5][7][8][9], especially when the eye is tested with off-axis glare. Bailey [10] and Lasa et al. [5] tested patients with cataracts using the Pelli-Robson and Vistech contrast sensitivity charts and reported that while both appear to evaluate visual function in moderate to advance cataracts, for early cataracts they and others [11] suggested that other techniques need to be developed including methods that utilize different luminance environments and off-axis glare elements in order to understand the range of visual disability under the varying environment conditions commonly presented during day and evening activities.As the lens ages there is a linear increase in lens opalescence and absorption of light, especially for blue light [12][13][14][15][16]. The increased absorption by the lens reduces retinal illumination and the opalescence increases diffraction and forward scatter, causing reductions in contrast sensitivity and colour discrimination [17]. A loss of contrast sensitivity has been observed with brunescence or opalescence of the lens causing loss primarily in the middle and high spatial frequencies [12]. This causes greater difficulty in vision under unfavourable lighting conditions especially at dusk where older individuals require higher contrasts to recognize and differentiate objects [10,18,19]. In addition, whereas the pupil diameter of a healthy 20-year-old on average is 5.3 mm in dim illumination, the pupil of a 60-year-old typically has a diameter of 3.2 mm [20] resulting in one third of the retinal illumination in dim environments. Contrast sensitivity testing has been demonstrated to remain stable until the age of approximately 65 years beyond which it and overall visual function decline rapidly [12,19], thought primarily due to senile miosis and progressive nuclear sclerosis, as well as with the aging of neural elements, both retinal and brain [20].The increased opalescence of the lens with cataract development results in increased forward light scatter [21] that produces a veiling Abstract Purpose: The CVA is an interactive, automated computer device that rapidly thresholds central acuity under conditions mimicking customary photopic and mesopic activities. In sequence, the CVA may test up to 6 environments, in this series under 3 mesopic environments (98%, 50% MC against 1.6 cd/m 2 background, 25% MC against 5 cd/m 2 ), the...

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On the relation between glare and straylight

Cited by 114 publications

References 10 publications

Reproducibility of straylight measurement by C-Quant for assessment of retinal straylight using the compensation comparison method

Reproducibility of straylight measurement by C-Quant for assessment of retinal straylight using the compensation comparison method

Disability Glare in the Aging Eye. Assessment and Impact on Driving☆

Computer Measurement of Central Visual Acuity under Mesopic and Glare Conditions in Eyes with Nuclear Cataract

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