On the Recent Trends in Expansive Soil Stabilization Using Calcium‐Based Stabilizer Materials (CSMs): A Comprehensive Review

Jalal, Fazal E.; Xu, Yongfu; Jamhiri, Babak; Memon, Shazim Ali

doi:10.1155/2020/1510969

Cited by 100 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…For decades, various industrial-based chemical stabilizers, such as Portland cement, lime, asphalt, and polymers, have been proven to improve the quality of clayey soils [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], but can be considered to demand high economic and/or environmental costs. The increased cost associated with traditional chemical stabilizers has led researchers to develop alternative soil modifiers from industrial by-products [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, and cement kiln dust, which provide both economic and environmental solutions to resource conservation in soil engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of a Clayey Soil with Ladle Metallurgy Furnace Slag Fines

et al. 2020

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The research study described in this paper investigated the potential to use steel furnace slag (SFS) as a stabilizing additive for clayey soils. Even though SFS has limited applications in civil engineering infrastructure due to the formation of deleterious expansion in the presence of water, the free CaO and free MgO contents allow for the SFS to be a potentially suitable candidate for clayey soil stabilization and improvement. In this investigation, a kaolinite clay was stabilized with 10% and 15% ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) slag fines by weight. This experimental study also included testing of the SFS mixtures with the activator calcium chloride (CaCl2), which was hypothesized to accelerate the hydration of the dicalcium silicate phase in the SFS, but the results show that the addition of CaCl2 was not found to be effective. Relative to the unmodified clay, the unconfined compressive strength increased by 67% and 91% when 10% and 15% LMF slag were utilized, respectively. Likewise, the dynamic modulus increased by 212% and 221% by adding 10% and 15% LMF slag, respectively. Specifically, the LMF slag fines are posited to primarily contribute to a mechanical rather than chemical stabilization mechanism. Overall, these findings suggest the effective utilization of SFS as a soil stabilization admixture to overcome problems associated with dispersive soils, but further research is required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of a Clayey Soil with Ladle Metallurgy Furnace Slag Fines

et al. 2020

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“…Reference [91] reviewed the past four decades the techniques to stabilize highly ES utilizing calcium-based stabilizer materials (CSMs). The impact of the adequately demonstrated CSMs on the geotechnical, engineering, and microstructural properties of stabilized ES are analyzed.…”

Section: Calcium-based Stabilizer Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of Expansive Soils Using Mechanical and Chemical Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Fondjo¹,

Theron²,

Ray³

2021

cea

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The presence of expansive soils on construction sites is problematic in geotechnical engineering. The swell-shrink behaviour makes these soils not suitable to be used in their natural state. The expansive soil damages cause financial loss yearly more than floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes combined. Moreover, the cost of cut to spoil of expansive soils during construction projects has continued to rise because of the high cost of earthworks, haulage, and the increasing scarcity of spoil areas because of the built environment. Nonetheless, a proper stabilization technique can significantly enhance the expansive soil's properties. The research project attempts to review, report the limits and merits of mechanical and chemical methods utilized to stabilize expansive soils in line with their efficiency, environmental concerns, and cost-effectiveness. A review of mechanical and chemical treatment techniques is conducted in this regard. Ultimately, each stabilization method exhibits its merits and limitations. The lack of standards for the treatment of swelling soils is a significant problem in engineering practice. Specialists in the domain of soil treatment must work together to obtain an optimized stabilization approach and protocol. Moreover, engineers should perform a geoenvironmental assessment appropriate for chemical stabilization methods and additives utilized. This research work contributes as a guideline in the selection and application of chemical and mechanical stabilization methods.

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“…Another commonly spread head clay mineral that belongs to the same class is bentonite, which is commonly constituted from volcanic residue through the process of weathering. Bentonite is recognized for its large swelling characteristic [24]. Based on the expansivity, the order of these minerals is montmorillonite > kaolinite > illite.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study on the Geotechnical, Mineralogical, and Swelling Behavior of KPK Expansive Soils

Zamin

Nasir²,

Mehmood

et al. 2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Expansive soils are found in numerous regions of the world explicitly in arid and semiarid zones. These soils expand when absorbed moisture and shrink when released water. Such soil is viewed as a characteristic risk for infrastructures due to the shrink and swell behavior. These soils become more problematic when lightly or moderately loaded structures are built on them. The swelling and shrinkage in these soils chiefly happen due to the presence of montmorillonite minerals. The mineralogical and swell behavior of foundation soils is playing a vital role in the overall stability of a structure. These parameters are often ignored in the geotechnical report writing stage specifically in small projects, due to which, the durability and service life of the facilities are reduced and the maintenance cost is increased. To mitigate the potential damages in structures constructed on expansive soil, it is necessary to assess the mineralogical and swelling characteristics of expansive soil. The current study aims to determine the geotechnical, mineralogical, and swell behavior of the local expansive soils. Based on the results, the Karak soil has the highest plasticity index (PI) of 37% with a clay fraction of 28%, while the D.I. Khan soil has the least PI of 23% with a clay fraction of 17%. Similarly, Karak’s soil contained a higher percentage of montmorillonite (Rp = 8.9%). The maximum values of swell pressure, swell potential, and 1D deformation are 280 kPa, 12.5%, and 1.92 mm for the Karak soil, 6.45% 150 kPa, and 1.38 mm for D.I. Khan soil, and 10.5%, 245 kPa, and 1.64 mm for Kohat soil, respectively. This concludes that Karak’s soil has high plasticity and swell characteristics than Kohat and D.I. Khan soil. The swell characteristic of expansive soils increases with the increase in the percentage of the fine specifically the clay fraction. Furthermore, the Karak soil is more critical than Kohat and D.I. khan soil for lightly loaded structures.

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On the Recent Trends in Expansive Soil Stabilization Using Calcium‐Based Stabilizer Materials (CSMs): A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 100 publications

References 153 publications

Stabilization of a Clayey Soil with Ladle Metallurgy Furnace Slag Fines

Stabilization of a Clayey Soil with Ladle Metallurgy Furnace Slag Fines

Stabilization of Expansive Soils Using Mechanical and Chemical Methods: A Comprehensive Review

An Experimental Study on the Geotechnical, Mineralogical, and Swelling Behavior of KPK Expansive Soils

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