On the realization of across wavy water-air-interface diffuse-line-of-sight communication based on an ultraviolet emitter

Sun, Xiaoqun; Kong, Meiwei; Shen, Chao; Kang, Chun Hong; Ng, Tien Khee; Ooi, Boon S.

doi:10.1364/oe.27.019635

Cited by 54 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To simultaneously maximize the achievable data rates and enhance the resiliency to channel uncertainty, amplitude-modulated orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (QAM-OFDM) modulated signals were utilized in the system. Furthermore, our previous studies [10] indicated that the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirements and the ability to mitigate intersymbol interference (ISI) can be achieved using lower order QAM-OFDM modulation schemes based on three key performance matrices: data rates, robustness against waves, and communication coverage. In this system, the QAM-OFDM modulations with a high spectral efficiency were generated offline in MATLAB and uploaded to an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG, Tektronix AWG70002A).…”

Section: Design Of Free-space Laboratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional acoustic waves [17] mostly reflect off the water surface without transmitting, whereas RF waves rapidly decay in water because of their high attenuation [18]. State-of-the-art workarounds for this problem have been proposed in [10] using relay assets [19], surfacing, integrated acoustic RF wireless systems (translational acoustic RF (TARF) communications, MIT, 2019) [20], and line-of-sight (LOS) optical links [7], [21], [22]. However, relay and surfacing involve large signal delays and security concerns, respectively, while TARF suffers from low data rates (400 bit/s).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…New system configurations that improve anti-jamming capabilities [12] are also in demand. King Abdullah University of Science & Technology's (KAUST) Photonics Laboratory recently developed a 110 Mbit/s diffuse-line-of-sight (diffuse-LOS) optical communication link across a wavy water-air interface that showed good coverage and was resilient to misalignment [10]. Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Field Demonstrations of Wide-Beam Optical Communications Through Water–Air Interface

et al. 2020

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The connectivity of undersea sensors and airborne nodes across the water-air interface has been long sought. This study designs a free-space wireless laser communications system that yields a high net data rate of 850 Mbit/s when perfectly aligned. This system can also be used for an extended coverage of 1963 cm 2 at the receiver while sustaining a net data rate of 9 Mbit/s over 10 m. The utility of this system was verified for direct communications across the water-air interface in a canal of the Red Sea based on a pre-aligned link as well as a diving pool under a mobile signal-searching mode. The canal deployment measured a real-time data rate of 87 Mbit/s when pre-aligned in turbid water over 50 min, which confirms the system robustness in harsh water environments. In the pool deployment, a drone configured with a photodetector flew over the surface of the water and recorded the underwater signals without a structureassisted alignment. Using a four-quadrature amplitude-modulated orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (4-QAM-OFDM) modulation scheme provided a net data rate of 44 Mbit/s over a 2.3-m underwater and 3.5-m air link. The results validated the link stability and mitigated problems that arise from misalignment and mobility in harsh environments, which paves the way for future field applications. INDEX TERMS Underwater communication, optical modulation, wireless communications, water-to-air communications, cross-medium communications, mobility I. INTRODUCTION The concept of the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) was proposed in 2012 to satisfy the demands of underwater communication networks [1]. The wide, license-free bandwidth and low energy consumption in such environments promote the consideration of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) as a transformative technology compared with conventional marine acoustic and radio-frequency (RF) technologies for high-speed communication activities in the IoUT. Verifications of the UWOC physical layer are progressing rapidly [2], with multiple Gbit/s-level UWOC links reported in laboratory studies [3]-[8]. Beyond investigations under ideal laboratory environments, researchers have considered the effects of various natural underwater processes on the performance of UWOC links. Bubbles [9], waves [10], aquatic life [11], water turbidity [12], and oceanic turbulence [13] all degrade communication performance in UWOC by altering the path of light propagation and by inducing misalignment.

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Section: Design Of Free-space Laboratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field Demonstrations of Wide-Beam Optical Communications Through Water–Air Interface

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“…A feedback-assisted orbital angular momentum-based W2A-OWC link was established in [15], using a 520 nm green light laser diode. In [16], an ultraviolet communication system was demonstrated across the wavy W2A interface. A W2A laser communication system was realized in [17], which achieves a data rate of 44 Mb/s over a 2.3-m underwater and 3.5-m air link.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Characterization of Coverage for Water-to-Air Visible Light Communication Through Wavy Water Surface

et al. 2021

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In this paper, we establish a water-to-air (W2A) visible light communication (VLC) link using green light emitting diode (LED), and investigate the coverage characteristics of the designed W2A-VLC link under calm and wavy water conditions. By transmitting a high-frequency sinusoid signal, we extract the variation of link gain. Based on the received signals of an experimental W2A-VLC system, we obtain the real link gains at different receiver points and analyze the channel temporal properties in good link conditions (called link "on" state). It is seen that the mean channel gain under wavy water surface condition can be larger than that under calm water surface condition, especially when the transmitter and receiver are not perfectly aligned, due to the random spatial modulation effect of wavy water surface. Moreover, the "on" state duration and interval can be well fitted by a shifted exponential distribution and a shifted lognormal distribution, respectively. Bit error rate (BER) results reveal the effect of expanded link gain variation under wavy water surface condition. This work provides significant guidance for future works on the communication protocol design and related performance analysis.

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“…In comparison with an SDM-based FSO-UWOC integrated system, this proposed WDM-based FSO-UWOC integrated system is notable for its simplicity and practicality. Sun et al achieved a diffuse-line-of-sight communication across a wavy water-air interface based on NRZ on-off keying (OOK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulations [23]. However, the modulation can be enhanced and simplified by adopting PAM4 modulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A WDM PAM4 FSO–UWOC Integrated System With a Channel Capacity of 100 Gb/s

Huang

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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A wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) fourlevel pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) free-space optical (FSO)-underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) integrated system with a channel capacity of 100 Gb/s is proposed and attainably demonstrated. Analytic results reveal that 1.8-GHz 405-nm blue-violet-light and 1.7-GHz 450-nm blue-light laser diodes (LDs) with two-stage light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques are competently adopted for 100 Gb/s PAM4 signal transmission through a 500-m free-space transmission with 5-m clear ocean underwater link. Combining dual-wavelength WDM scenario with PAM4 modulation, the channel capacity of FSO-UWOC integrated systems is significantly enhanced with an aggregate transmission rate of 100 Gb/s (25 Gbaud PAM4/wavelength × 2 wavelengths). With doublet lenses in FSO, laser beam reducer and transmissive spatial light modulator in UWOC, a sufficiently low bit error rate of 10 −9 and acceptable PAM4 eye diagrams are acquired. This demonstrated 100 Gb/s PAM4 FSO-UWOC integrated system with a WDM scenario is advantageous for the enhancement of a high-speed optical wireless link with long-reach transmission.

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On the realization of across wavy water-air-interface diffuse-line-of-sight communication based on an ultraviolet emitter

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

Field Demonstrations of Wide-Beam Optical Communications Through Water–Air Interface

Field Demonstrations of Wide-Beam Optical Communications Through Water–Air Interface

Preliminary Characterization of Coverage for Water-to-Air Visible Light Communication Through Wavy Water Surface

A WDM PAM4 FSO–UWOC Integrated System With a Channel Capacity of 100 Gb/s

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