On the Rate of Oxygen Consumption by Tissues and Lower Organisms as a Function of Oxygen Tension

Tang, Peng

doi:10.1086/394439

Cited by 111 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Humane endpoints of the experiment were set to when the fish lost balance (loss of equilibrium (LOE)), i.e., the fish turned upside down, or when the MO 2 determinations dropped 20% below SMR, as the latter was seen by the authors as a clear sign that the fish cannot sustain their required oxygen consumption [33,34]. Time from the start of exposure to LOE was noted and, for the fish where the data allowed, i.e., LOE occurred after the drop of MO 2 below SMR, a point of no return (PNR) was calculated as the time post-exposure where MO 2 fell below SMR.…”

Section: Loss Of Equilibrium and Time To The Point Of No Returnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fishes 2018, 3, 12 4 of 12 similar to that of critical oxygen levels [34][35][36], using exposure time as a variable instead of oxygen level. As such, the PNR provides an average measure of the duration for which the fish can maintain their required oxygen consumption when continuously exposed to P. parvum.…”

Section: Loss Of Equilibrium and Time To The Point Of No Returnmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Fish: Insights from Prymnesium parvum

Svendsen

Andersen

Hansen

et al. 2018

Fishes

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Blooms of the planktonic alga Prymnesium parvum pose a global threat, causing fish kills worldwide. Early studies on the exposure of fish to P. parvum indicate that toxic effects are related to gill damage. The more strictly defined concept of adverse outcome pathways has been suggested as a replacement for the mode of action in toxicology studies. In this study, rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) were exposed to P. parvum. During exposure, oxygen consumption was determined by respirometry, and ventilation and coughing rate were determined via video surveillance. Per breath oxygen consumption was calculated to assess the ventilation effort to obtain a unit of oxygen. A second experiment monitored fish behavior to assess recovery. The results indicated that oxygen consumption initially increased, but on average fell below the standard oxygen consumption at 70% relative exposure. Being a function of ventilation frequency and oxygen consumption, the per breath oxygen consumption decreased throughout exposure. Behavioral results determined that short-term P. parvum exposure subsequently caused the exposed fish to seek flow refuge immediately and to a greater extent than unexposed fish. The adverse outcome pathway of P. parvum on rainbow trout is that P. parvum acts as a gill irritant resulting in non-recoverable respiratory failure.

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Section: Loss Of Equilibrium and Time To The Point Of No Returnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Loss Of Equilibrium and Time To The Point Of No Returnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Fish: Insights from Prymnesium parvum

Svendsen

Andersen

Hansen

et al. 2018

Fishes

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show abstract

“…As with many of my more independent colleagues in the laboratory at that time, I began to deviate from the boss's assembly line and set up a little side business of my own. The goods from this unauthorized sideline are: the publication in 1932 of the now well-documented report on the discovery of cytochrome oxidase in plants (13), and a thorough survey of the then existing literature on the TANG relation of oxygen tension and rate of oxygen consumption in cells and tissues (14). I summarized the fi ndings with an equation describing the hyperbolic relation between the two.…”

Section: Harvard Daysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspirations, Reality, and Circumstances: The Devious Trail of a Roaming Plant Physiologist

Tang¹

1983

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

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“…It has many times been noted (for a review see Tang, 1933) that the oxygen demand of many organisms is of zero order although only above a critical oxygen tension. Below the critical oxygen tension, the oxygen demand becomes first order.…”

Section: Determination Of the Oxygen Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polarographic measurements required only a few minutes so that no significant growth occurred during the measurement. The oxygen demand of the culture varies comparatively slowly with time as growth proceeds, and by measuring the oxygen demand of samples taken a t various times throughout the culture period it is possible to draw the curve connecting oxygen demand with the time after the inoculation of the medium.It has many times been noted (for a review see Tang, 1933) that the oxygen demand of many organisms is of zero order although only above a critical oxygen tension. Below the critical oxygen tension, the oxygen demand becomes first order.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Measurement of the Aeration of Culture Media

Wise¹

1951

Journal of General Microbiology

135

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SUMMARY:The aeration of culture media can be measured in terms of q5L (defined below) which is dependent on rate of air flow, agitation, etc. Two methods of measuring q5L are given, based on the polarographic estimation of dissolved oxygen. For penicillin and streptomycin fermentations there is a correlation between the amount of antibiotic produced and q5 L .Recent advances in industrial stirred and aerated fermentations have emphasized the need for a suitable technique to measure aeration in terms of the oxygen available to the organism rather than in terms of the volume of air which is passed through the medium. In the case of submerged cultures, the organism is dependent upon the oxygen dissolved in solution. In order to assess the efficiency of the aeration it is therefore necessary to compare the rate of solution of oxygen into the culture medium with the rate of consumption of oxygen by the organism. Determination of the oxygen demandThe Warburg apparatus is usually used for measuring oxygen demands, but in the present work it was found convenient to use a polarographic method first used by Petering & Daniels (1938). The culture is saturated with air and then the air supply is cut off. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the culture medium decreases steadily from the saturation concentration to zero as the organism consumes the oxygen. A typical determination is shownin Fig. 1, from which it will be seen that the graph of the concentration of dissolved oxygen against time is linear, i.e. the oxygen demand is of zero order with respect to time and oxygen concentration over the period of measurement. This behaviour was always found with the organisms studied, and in the following theory it is assumed that the oxygen demand at a particular moment is of zero order. The polarographic measurements required only a few minutes so that no significant growth occurred during the measurement. The oxygen demand of the culture varies comparatively slowly with time as growth proceeds, and by measuring the oxygen demand of samples taken a t various times throughout the culture period it is possible to draw the curve connecting oxygen demand with the time after the inoculation of the medium.It has many times been noted (for a review see Tang, 1933) that the oxygen demand of many organisms is of zero order although only above a critical oxygen tension. Below the critical oxygen tension, the oxygen demand becomes first order. The critical oxygen tensions found are very low. For instance, in the present work the critical oxygen tensions were too low to be apparent from curves such as those shown in Fig. 1, so that the assumption that the oxygen demand is of zero order is justified.

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On the Rate of Oxygen Consumption by Tissues and Lower Organisms as a Function of Oxygen Tension

Cited by 111 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Fish: Insights from Prymnesium parvum

Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Fish: Insights from Prymnesium parvum

Aspirations, Reality, and Circumstances: The Devious Trail of a Roaming Plant Physiologist

The Measurement of the Aeration of Culture Media

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