On the Properties of Non-Media Digital Watermarking: A Review of State of the Art Techniques

Panah, Arezou Soltani; Schyndel, Ron van; Sellis, Timos; Bertino, Elisa

doi:10.1109/access.2016.2570812

Cited by 58 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The rate of watermark distortion represents the amount of tampering attacks occurring on the contents of the attacked Arabic context, which is denoted by W5 WDR and calculated by Eq. (8).…”

Section: Watermark Detection Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proposing High-Smart Approach for Content Authentication and Tampering Detection of Arabic Text Transmitted via Internet

Al‐Wesabi

2020

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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The security and reliability of Arabic text exchanged via the Internet have become a challenging area for the research community. Arabic text is very sensitive to modify by malicious attacks and easy to make changes on diacritics i.e. Fat-ha, Kasra and Damma, which are represent the syntax of Arabic language and can make the meaning is differing. In this paper, a Hybrid of Natural Language Processing and Zero-Watermarking Approach (HNLPZWA) has been proposed for the content authentication and tampering detection of Arabic text. The HNLPZWA approach embeds and detects the watermark logically without altering the original text document to embed a watermark key. Fifth level order of word mechanism based on hidden Markov model is integrated with digital zero-watermarking techniques to improve the tampering detection accuracy issues of the previous literature proposed by the researchers. Fifth-level order of Markov model is used as a natural language processing technique in order to analyze the Arabic text. Moreover, it extracts the features of interrelationship between contexts of the text and utilizes the extracted features as watermark information and validates it later with attacked Arabic text to detect any tampering occurred on it. HNLPZWA has been implemented using PHP with VS code IDE. Tampering detection accuracy of HNLPZWA is proved with experiments using four datasets of varying lengths under multiple random locations of insertion, reorder and deletion attacks of experimental datasets. The experimental results show that HNLPZWA is more sensitive for all kinds of tampering attacks with high level accuracy of tampering detection.

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“…The rate of watermark distortion represents the amount of tampering attacks occurring on the contents of the attacked Arabic context, which is denoted by W5 WDR and calculated by Eq. (8).…”

Section: Watermark Detection Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zero-watermarking is a modern technique that can be used with smart algorithms without any modification on original digital contents to embed the watermark information. Moreover, in this technique the contents of given digital context can be utilized to generate the watermark information [1], [6]- [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposing High-Smart Approach for Content Authentication and Tampering Detection of Arabic Text Transmitted via Internet

Al‐Wesabi

2020

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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“…The trade-off between the robustness of the encrypted data and image quality is a significant challenge in digital watermarking research. The success of watermarking and de-watermarking processes depends on the successful retrieval of hidden data under different image processing attacks on the stego image [ 2 , 3 ]. Generally, the carrier image is not always enough to uphold the full length of the embedded data due to the degradation of image quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encryption Based Image Watermarking Algorithm in 2DWT-DCT Domains

Hasan

Islam

Chen

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This paper proposes an encryption-based image watermarking scheme using a combination of second-level discrete wavelet transform (2DWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) with an auto extraction feature. The 2DWT has been selected based on the analysis of the trade-off between imperceptibility of the watermark and embedding capacity at various levels of decomposition. DCT operation is applied to the selected area to gather the image coefficients into a single vector using a zig-zig operation. We have utilized the same random bit sequence as the watermark and seed for the embedding zone coefficient. The quality of the reconstructed image was measured according to bit correction rate, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and similarity index. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed scheme is highly robust under different types of image-processing attacks. Several image attacks, e.g., JPEG compression, filtering, noise addition, cropping, sharpening, and bit-plane removal, were examined on watermarked images, and the results of our proposed method outstripped existing methods, especially in terms of the bit correction ratio (100%), which is a measure of bit restoration. The results were also highly satisfactory in terms of the quality of the reconstructed image, which demonstrated high imperceptibility in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR ≥ 40 dB) and structural similarity (SSIM ≥ 0.9) under different image attacks.

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“…The classic digital watermark application is connected with multimedia protection. However, at present, the application of such methods to protect data of a different type [2] is becoming relevant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Steganography and Watermarking for Digital Images: A Review of Current Research Directions

2020

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The development of information technology has led to a significant increase in the share of multimedia traffic in data networks. This has necessitated to solve the following information security tasks in relation to multimedia data: protection against leakage of confidential information, as well as identifying the source of the leak; ensuring the impossibility of unauthorized changes; copyright protection for digital objects. To solve such kind of problems, methods of steganography and watermarking are designed that implement embedding in digital objects hidden information sequences for various purposes. In this paper, an overview of promising research in the specified area is provided. First of all, we provide basic information about this field of research and consider the main applications of its methods. Next, we review works demonstrating current trends in the development of methods and algorithms for data hiding in digital images. This review is not exhaustive; it focuses on contemporary works illustrating current research directions in the field of information embedding in digital images. This is the main feature of review, which distinguishes it from previously published reviews. The paper concludes with an analysis of identified problems in the field of digital steganography and digital watermarking.

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On the Properties of Non-Media Digital Watermarking: A Review of State of the Art Techniques

Cited by 58 publications

References 92 publications

Proposing High-Smart Approach for Content Authentication and Tampering Detection of Arabic Text Transmitted via Internet

Proposing High-Smart Approach for Content Authentication and Tampering Detection of Arabic Text Transmitted via Internet

Encryption Based Image Watermarking Algorithm in 2DWT-DCT Domains

Digital Steganography and Watermarking for Digital Images: A Review of Current Research Directions

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