On the promoting influence of heated tumor emulsions on tumor growth

Flexner, Simon; Jobling, James W.

doi:10.3181/00379727-4-109

Cited by 41 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…W przypadku nowotworu o niskiej chemiowrażliwości i dużej reaktywności gospodarza można sobie wyobrazić, że leczenie immunosupresyjne mogłoby wyzwolić zjawisko wzmocnienia wzrostu guza. Zjawisko wzmocnienia wzrostu guza (The Tumor Enhancement Phenomenon), opisane po raz pierwszy ponad wiek temu, znane jest z licznych doniesień eksperymentalnych i nierzadko obserwowane w praktyce klinicznej w przypadku chorych z nowotworami w stanie immunosupresji oraz w przebiegu paradoksalnych odpowiedzi na chemioterapię [18,19].…”

Section: Opis Przypadkuunclassified

Dowody, preferencje, rekomendacje. Manowce medycyny faktów — prezentacja przypadku chorego na raka gruczołowego płuca

Winek¹,

Barańska²,

Jodkiewicz³

et al. 2016

Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology

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Powszechna dostępność charakteryzujących się wysoką jakością badań wielorzędowych aparatów do tomografii komputerowej przyniosła znaczący wzrost wykrywania pojedynczych guzków płuca. Zważywszy na wysoką zapadalność na raka płuca i stale niezadowalające wyniki leczenia, możliwość wykrywania zmian mało zaawansowanych, poddających się doszczętnej resekcji, budziły duże nadzieje. Wykorzystywana w badaniach przesiewowych niskodawkowa tomografia komputerowa klatki piersiowej wskazuje na obecność pojedynczych guzków płuca nawet u 50% palących papierosy osób powyżej 50 roku życia. Biorąc pod uwagę istotność problemu klinicznego, kluczowe jest ustalenie optymalnego sposobu diagnostyki pojedynczych guzków płuca. Pomocne w tym zakresie mogą być wytyczne American College of Chest Physcians. Wskazują one, iż w dokładnym oszacowaniu prawdopodobieństwa złośliwości zmiany należy oprzeć się na doświadczeniu klinicznym bądź też użyć jednego ze zweryfikowanych modeli typu Bayesian analysis. W poniższej pracy przedstawiamy przypadek chorego z pojedynczym guzkiem płuca, wskazując na rozbieżności decyzji diagnostycznych i terapeutycznych opartych na doświadczeniu diagnostów i klinicystów oraz wytycznych opartych na badaniach "kohortowych". Evidence-based medicine, a case report of adenocarcinoma of the lung Common access to high resolution computed tomography has increased the early detection of solitary lung nodules. The incidence of lung cancer is high with poor outcomes in the advanced stages of the disease. The best prognosis is achieved with complete surgical resection of a solitary small lung nodule. Low-dose computed tomography used as the screening test reveals solitary nodule in up to 50% of cigarettes smokers above 50 years of age. The guidelines of American College of Chest Physicians can be a helpful method to assess the potential malignancy of a nodule. Clinical experience and Bayesian analysis should be considered in a case of a suspected lung nodule on CT scans. We present the case of a patient with a solitary lung nodule, and emphasise discrepancies between diagnostic and clinical assessment based on the evidence-based medicine guidelines.

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Section: Opis Przypadkuunclassified

Dowody, preferencje, rekomendacje. Manowce medycyny faktów — prezentacja przypadku chorego na raka gruczołowego płuca

Winek¹,

Barańska²,

Jodkiewicz³

et al. 2016

Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology

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“…Subsequently, the tumor disappeared and the man was reported to have survived the following 8 years. 3 In 1907, Flexner and Jobling 4 observed paradoxically enhanced tumor growth on injection of dead autologous tumor cells. In contrast, 2 years later, Paul Ehrlich suggested that the immune system can prevent tumor formation.…”

Section: The Immunosurveillance Theory and Tumor-associated Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active‐specific immunotherapy of human cancers with the heat shock protein Gp96—revisited

Randazzo

Terness

Opelz

et al. 2012

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The passive administration of specific antibodies that selectively target tumors is a well-known strategy in cancer treatment. Active immunotherapy using peptide vaccines, in contrast, is expected to induce specific, cytolytic T cells in the patient, which react against tumor antigens and destroy malignant cells. Although several concepts exist, the identification and low immunogenicity of tumor-specific peptides remain a serious problem. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), notably glycoprotein (Gp) 96, are of special interest, because they are able to take molecular peptide-fingerprints of the protein array characteristic for a particular cell. Association of Gp96 with peptides has been shown to be essential for crosspresentation and activation of T cells. Consequently, Gp96-peptide complexes extracted from cancer cells harbor the tumor-specific peptides and are immunogenic, thus offering a tool for active immunization against the tumor. Already, several immunotherapy studies of human cancers have been carried out, showing no severe adverse effects but unfortunately only limited improvement in the clinical outcome. Vitespen, a commercial HSP-peptide complex vaccine based on tumor-derived Gp96, seems to induce an improved overall survival for subsets of early stage melanoma and kidney cancer patients. The limited access to vaccine material derived from the autologous tumor requires the development of alternative protocols. Moreover, counteracting immunosuppressive mechanisms induced by the malignancy might further improve the efficacy of vaccinations. This review critically analyzes the current state of clinical immunotherapy with Gp96, with special attention to Vitespen.Heat shock proteins (HSPs) came to attention of immunologists, because they chaperone peptides and interact with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in a specific manner. As molecular chaperones, HSPs are essential for maintaining cellular functions by preventing misfolding and aggregation of nascent polypeptides and by facilitating protein folding. This function has been described for every organism. 1In the 1980s, the potential importance of HSPs for tumor therapy emerged, when it was observed that preparations of certain HSPs isolated from cancer cells elicited immunity by capturing the antigenic fingerprint of a specific cancer, so that they could act as a vaccine against subsequent tumor challenge.2 Since then, the immunological properties of HSPs were studied intensively, particularly those of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident HSPs glycoprotein (Gp)96 (Grp94)

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“…None of our experimental results offers a clue to the mechanism of the process whereby a rabbit's resistance to tissue homotransplants may be profoundly weakened as a result of its prior intravenous inoculation with a relatively small quantity of living cells from its intended skin donor. The phenomenon is obviously a candidate for inclusion in that category of specifically abrogated immunological responses that includes "enhancement" of the growth of homologous tumors in normally resistant rabbits, rats, and mice as a consequence of their pretreatment with homogenates, desiccates, or extractives prepared either from the tumor concerned or from normal tissue of similar genetic constitution (S. Flexner & J. W. Jobling, 1907; A. E. Casey, 1941; N. Kaliss, 1955; G. D. Snell, 1954). Our finding (R. E. Billingham et al, 195613) that prior intraperitoneal inoculation of rabbits with lyophilized homologous kidney may result in an "enhancement" of the survival of skin homografts similar in magnitude to that obtained by the living-cell therapy described in this contribution, lends support to this view.…”

Section: Discussiortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Epidermal Cell Suspensions, With Particular Reference to Problems of Transplantation Immunity

Billingham

1957

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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On the promoting influence of heated tumor emulsions on tumor growth

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Dowody, preferencje, rekomendacje. Manowce medycyny faktów — prezentacja przypadku chorego na raka gruczołowego płuca

Dowody, preferencje, rekomendacje. Manowce medycyny faktów — prezentacja przypadku chorego na raka gruczołowego płuca

Active‐specific immunotherapy of human cancers with the heat shock protein Gp96—revisited

Studies on Epidermal Cell Suspensions, With Particular Reference to Problems of Transplantation Immunity

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