On the production of ozone, hydrogen peroxide and peroxone in pressurized undivided electrochemical cells

Highly Efficient Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide Using the GDE Technology

“…As demonstrated in the literature, through the application of carbon-based cathode materials, O 2 is easily reduced to H 2 O 2 via the transfer of two electrons at a potential of 0.682 V vs SHE ,− Some studies reported in the literature have pointed out different ways to improve the production of H 2 O 2 through ORR via the 2-electron pathway; some of these ways include the following: Improvement of the catalytic properties of the cathode; this can be done by studying and developing new highly efficient cathode materials based on carbon black (CB) or through the addition/doping of organic or inorganic catalysts into carbonaceous materials; ,,− Improvement of oxygen supply in the electrochemical cell since the low solubility of oxygen in the cell causes the efficiency of the process to be controlled by diffusion. As reported in the literature, to help tackle this problem, some important progress has been made by performing the electrochemical operation under high pressure and at low temperature so as to improve oxygen solubility. ,,− optimizing the shape/configuration of carbon-based cathodes by employing gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) in flow-by electrochemical reactors instead of flow-through electrode reactors. ,,, the design of more efficient electrochemical reactors with enhanced turbulence. ,, …”

“…Improvement of oxygen supply in the electrochemical cell since the low solubility of oxygen in the cell causes the efficiency of the process to be controlled by diffusion. As reported in the literature, to help tackle this problem, some important progress has been made by performing the electrochemical operation under high pressure and at low temperature so as to improve oxygen solubility. ,,− optimizing the shape/configuration of carbon-based cathodes by employing gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) in flow-by electrochemical reactors instead of flow-through electrode reactors. ,,, the design of more efficient electrochemical reactors with enhanced turbulence. ,, …”

“…performing the electrochemical operation under high pressure and at low temperature so as to improve oxygen solubility. ,,− …”

Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation of Carbamazepine: Mechanism and optimal operating conditions

“…( 4)) [14,22,41,42], or (iii) the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) from the recombination of • OH radicals and its further oxidation (Eqs. ( 5) and ( 6)) [22,43,44]. It is also possible that HNO 3 , which was used to regulate the pH, and its derived nitrate ions (NO 3 − ) react with SO •− 4 radicals (Eq.…”

Unraveling the Role of F in Electrochemical Ozone Generation on the F-Doped PbO2 Electrode

“…Although the above mechanism was generally accepted, there is still a lack of clear understanding and in situ characterization evidence on this proposed mechanism. Recently, accompanying the extensive and intensive investigations on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), especially the findings of the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM), − the formation mechanism of special byproduct (O 3 ) during the water oxidation process has aroused many researchers’ interest again. ,− By density functional theory (DFT) calculations, Gibson et al reported that the coupling step in eq is an Eley–Rideal style reaction mechanism on β-PbO 2 in which the surface O 2 generated first desorbs and then attacks the surface bridging oxygen on the (110) plane of β-PbO 2 to form O 3 . , Later, Jiang et al proved that the EOP process on β-PbO 2 follows the LOM process . Further DFT calculations reveal that the surface lattice oxygen atoms on the β-PbO 2 (110) or (101) plane are highly active and can easily migrate, thus contributing to the formation of O 2 /O 3 .…”