On the process of recognizing inverted words: Does it rely only on orientation-invariant cues?

Navon, David; Raveh, Ofra

doi:10.3758/bf03196885

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(78 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The results revealed memory superiority for inverted words with no difference in JOLs across the two encoding conditions. However, relevant literature shows that inverting words produces objective fluency differences, as measured by identification latencies (e.g., Kolers, 1968; Koriat & Norman, 1985; Navon & Raveh, 2004). Yet there might be a threshold at which participants might be able to become conscious of different objective measures of disfluency at a subjective level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picture-perfect is not perfect for metamemory: Testing the perceptual fluency hypothesis with degraded images.

Besken

2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The perceptual fluency hypothesis claims that items that are easy to perceive at encoding induce an illusion that they will be easier to remember, despite the finding that perception does not generally affect recall. The current set of studies tested the predictions of the perceptual fluency hypothesis with a picture generation manipulation. Participants identified mixed lists of intact images and images whose certain parts were deleted (generate condition) and made predictions about their subsequent memory performance, followed by a recall test. The intact condition always produced higher memory predictions and shorter identification latencies than the generate condition, consistent with the perceptual fluency hypothesis (Experiments 1 to 3). The actual memory performance for generate images was higher than intact images when aggregate judgments of learning (JOLs) were used (Experiment 1) and equivalent to intact images when item-by-item JOLs were used (Experiment 2 to 3). In Experiment 3, introducing a manipulation that facilitates naming latency for generate images did not increase JOL ratings, providing evidence that not all manipulations that facilitate the ease of perception produce higher JOLs. In Experiment 4, the role of a priori beliefs for the picture generation manipulation was assessed through an online questionnaire. Reading a scenario about the manipulation produced no JOL differences for intact and generate images. The results of the 4 experiments reported here are generally consistent with the perceptual fluency hypothesis of metamemory, and are discussed in terms of experience-based and theory-based processes in metamemory judgments and Koriat's (1997) cue utilization framework. (PsycINFO Database Record

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picture-perfect is not perfect for metamemory: Testing the perceptual fluency hypothesis with degraded images.

Besken

2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It should be noted that while these early studies found no effect of orientation on letter identification reaction time, the data were noisy, sometimes effects were found [141], and single letter identification is not rotation-invariant when accuracy is the dependent measure and presentation times are very brief (<30 ms) [149] or when observers are asked to make same-different judgments of rotated letters [150]. Inverted, reflected, and rotated letter recognition may therefore involve some sort of corrective process such as mental rotation either before or concurrent with identification [135,[151][152][153], but not necessarily performed on a letter-by-letter basis [138]. This may explain why inverted and mirrored texts are more difficult to read than upright and why, when the orientation of a letter is unknown (whether 'p' is upright, rotated, mirrored, or inverted), there is a bias for preferring upright or rotated interpretations [9,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetry in Vision

Dresp

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This was considered a parallel to the Thatcher illusion for faces, in which grotesque rotations of local features like the eyes and mouth are not perceived when the face is inverted (Thompson, 1980), an effect attributed to disrupted whole-object processing. Subsequent studies have replicated this Thatcher-like effect in inverted words but not in random letter arrays, that is non-words (Navon & Raveh, 2004; Wong et al, 2010). Effects of inversion on other measures of reading proficiency have followed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The inversion effect in word recognition: The effect of language familiarity and handwriting

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Humans have expertise with visual words and faces. One marker of this expertise is the inversion effect. This is attributed to experience with those objects being biased towards a canonical orientation, rather than some inherent property of object structure or perceptual anisotropy. To confirm the role of experience, we measured inversion effects in word matching for familiar and unfamiliar languages. Second, we examined whether there may be more demands on reading expertise with handwritten stimuli rather than computer font, given the greater variability and irregularities in the former, with the prediction of larger inversion effects for handwriting. We recruited two cohorts of subjects, one fluent in Farsi and the other in Punjabi, neither of whom were able to read the other's language. Subjects performed a match-to-sample task with words in either computer fonts or handwritings. Subjects were more accurate and faster with their familiar language, even when it was inverted. Inversion effects were present for the familiar but not the unfamiliar language. The inversion effect in accuracy for handwriting was larger than that for computer fonts in the familiar language. We conclude that the word inversion effect is generated solely by orientation-biased experience, and that demands on this expertise are greater with handwriting than computer font.

show abstract

On the process of recognizing inverted words: Does it rely only on orientation-invariant cues?

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Picture-perfect is not perfect for metamemory: Testing the perceptual fluency hypothesis with degraded images.

Picture-perfect is not perfect for metamemory: Testing the perceptual fluency hypothesis with degraded images.

Symmetry in Vision

The inversion effect in word recognition: The effect of language familiarity and handwriting

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About