In the classical risk model with initial capital u, let τ (u) be the time of ruin, X + (u) be the risk reserve just before ruin, and Y + (u) be the deficit at ruin. Gerber and Shiu (1998) , where δ ≥ 0 can be interpreted as a force of interest and w(r, s) as a penalty function, meaning that m δ (u) is the expected discounted penalty payable at ruin. This function is known to satisfy a defective renewal equation, but easy explicit formulae for m δ (u) are only available for certain special cases for the claim size distribution. Approximations thus arise by approximating the desired m δ (u) by that associated with one of these special cases. In this paper a functional approach is taken, giving rise to first-order correction terms for the above approximations.