On the presence, properties and distribution of the intercellular ground substance of loose connective tissue

Bensley, Sylvia H.

doi:10.1002/ar.1090600112

Cited by 116 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, on the surface of the latter the existence of a thin film was indicated by the india ink method (MAGARI, 1956). BENSLEY (1934 reported the observation of a layer of mucoprotein surrounding collagen fibers in tendon, which is the encircled fibers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microdissection Studies on Leptomeninges and Membrana Limitans Gliae

Magari

1966

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

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MAGARI 1962) have reported that the absorption of corpuscular elements from the serous cavities into the lymphatic vessels occurred in a particular part of the serous membrane.It consisted of the characteristic mesothelial cells and submesothelial connective tissue.These histological findings were possible only by surface observation of thin stripped membranous specimens. In so doing, the author has become aware that a thin serous membrane, taken from living animals, may be separated further into several thin layers in sub-vital condition. A dexterous manipulation aids the procedure. By the technique employed in this study, the leptomeninx was separated further into thinner layers, the structural features of each were different.The observation of these membranous specimens and the serial sections of the brain provided for a better analysis of the perivascular sheath. In addition, this study throws some light on the relationship between the function and the morphological features of the layers demonstrated by micromanipulation. This is the basic part of the histo-physiological investigation on the border between connective and nervous tissue. Materials and MethcdsFresh rabbit and calf brains were used. The arachnoid was separated from the pia at the areas over the sulci. The pia was obtained from both sides of the wall of the sulcus. These delicate membranes were separated further into several layers. This was done under water using a special kind of forceps having an attached lens and a micromanipulator. The specimens were fixed in formalin. Some were transferred to a dilute solution of acetic acid immediately after the manipulation, and placed in glycerin for observation, After stripping off the pia, a piece of the cerebral cortex was cut from the surface of the brain with a razor, and mounted on a slide, with its outer surface in contact with the glass. Within a few minutes the half fluid substance of brain was carefully removed and the slice adhering to the slide was fixed by Carnoy's solution.The blood vessels to be studied were isolated from the cerebral cortex using the special forceps and a micromanipulator, and fixed by formalin. Beside the specimens mentioned above, serial paraffin sections of the brain were provided. The staining employed in this study is as follows: nuclear fast red and iron-hematoxylin (HEIDENHAIN) for cells, Weigert's method for elastic fibers, silver impregnation for connective tissue (BIELSCHOWSKY) and molybdenum-hematoxylin for glia fibers. Boundaries of the endothelial cells were stained with silver nitrate injected in living condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microdissection Studies on Leptomeninges and Membrana Limitans Gliae

Magari

1966

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

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“…When the extracellular matrix (ECM) was first discovered, it was described as "an amorphous ground substance" [9]. However, as the understanding of the functional properties of the ECM organisation improved it became obvious that it is a highly ordered structure with collagen providing mechanical stability in form of a three dimensional network, and glycosaminoglycans, most commonly hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate, filling the void spaces within the collagen network [10].…”

Section: Extracellular Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the outcomes of biopharmaceutical delivery via the subcutaneous route by understanding the chemical, physical and physiological properties of the subcutaneous injection site

Kinnunen

Mrsny

2014

Journal of Controlled Release

129

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Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Controlled Release. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A denitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Controlled Release, 182, 2014Release, 182, , 10.1016Release, 182, /j.jconrel.2014.011. Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractSubcutaneous (SC) injection is currently the most common route of self-administering biopharmaceuticals such as proteins and peptides. While pharmaceutical scientists have acquired great skill in identifying formulations for these as proteins and peptides with multi-year shelf life stability, the SC injection of these formulations can result in inconsistent or particularly low bioavailability outcomes. We hypothesise that upon injection, the chemical, physical and physiological properties of the subcutaneous tissue may play a crucial role in determining the therapeutic outcomes of SC injected biopharmaceuticals. We contend that physical and chemical stresses placed upon the injected protein or peptide as is transitions from the non-physiological environment of its formulation to the homeostatic conditions of the SC tissue can affect its fate following injection. In this mini-review we describe how events that occur to an injected protein or peptide during this post-injection transition period could affect the diffusion of bioactive material to blood capillaries and lymphatic vessels. With this in mind, we have reviewed the chemical, physical and physiological attributes of the SC tissue and collated studies on how these properties are known to affect protein stability and diffusional properties. Finally, examples where the understanding of the properties of the SC tissue when formulating for SC injected biopharmaceuticals has improved the predictability of drug delivery via the SC route are discussed, with the need for novel tools for rational and informed formulation development is highlighted.

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“…158 Cannon to Cowdry, 12 July 1938, Box 25, Folder 22, EVC. 159 Cowdry to Cannon, 8 July 1938, Box 25, Folder 22, EVC. For the original sources of this evidence, see Bensley, 1934;Knisely, 1936. 160 Cowdry to Cannon, 16 July 1938, Box 25, Folder 22, EVC.…”

Section: Problems Of Ageing Woods Hole Conference and The Making Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edmund Vincent Cowdry and the Making of Gerontology as a Multidisciplinary Scientific Field in the United States

Park

2008

J Hist Biol

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The Canadian-American biologist Edmund Vincent Cowdry played an important role in the birth and development of the science of aging, gerontology. In particular, he contributed to the growth of gerontology as a multidisciplinary scientific field in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s. With the support of the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, he organized the first scientific conference on aging at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, where scientists from various fields gathered to discuss aging as a scientific research topic. He also edited Problems of Ageing (1939), the first handbook on the current state of aging research, to which specialists from diverse disciplines contributed. The authors of this book eventually formed the Gerontological Society in 1945 as a multidisciplinary scientific organization, and some of its members, under Cowdry's leadership, formed the International Association of Gerontology in 1950. This article historically traces this development by focusing on Cowdry's ideas and activities. I argue that the social and economic turmoil during the Great Depression along with Cowdry's training and experience as a biologist--cytologist in particular--and as a textbook editor became an important basis of his efforts to construct gerontology in this direction.

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On the presence, properties and distribution of the intercellular ground substance of loose connective tissue

Cited by 116 publications

References 9 publications

Microdissection Studies on Leptomeninges and Membrana Limitans Gliae

Microdissection Studies on Leptomeninges and Membrana Limitans Gliae

Improving the outcomes of biopharmaceutical delivery via the subcutaneous route by understanding the chemical, physical and physiological properties of the subcutaneous injection site

Edmund Vincent Cowdry and the Making of Gerontology as a Multidisciplinary Scientific Field in the United States

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