“…Therefore, many analytical methods aiming at identifying counterfeit have been adopted by regulatory authorities for the sake of public health. Various analytical techniques have been employed to prevent and detect meat fraud, and they consist of molecular technology (Dobrovolny et al, 2019; Xiang et al, 2017), protein and immunology technology (Mandli, El Fatimi, Seddaoui, & Amine, 2018; Yacoub, Sadek, & Uversky, 2017), metabolic technology (Trivedi et al, 2016), spectroscopy technology (Velioglu, Sezer, Bilge, Baytur, & Boyaci, 2018), and so forth. However, these methods still present certain disadvantages such as time‐consuming, hard to master, tedious and costly.…”