On the potential of microscale electrokinetic cascade devices

Hill, Nicole; Peña, Adriana Coll De; Miller, Abbi; Lapizco‐Encinas, Blanca H.

doi:10.1002/elps.202100069

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The same method was used to discriminate between the strains of pathogenic Streptococcus mitis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The Lapizco-Encinas research group has published several studies on the EK separations of microparticles and cells in an array of iEK systems. ,− A recent study illustrated that carefully selected operating conditions and accurate mathematical modeling allow for the successful separation of almost identical microparticles with a slight difference in electrical charge of only 3.6 mV . Several studies by this group have targeted the separation and trapping of mixtures of cells.…”

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Separation of Cells and Microparticles in Insulator-Based Electrokinetic Systems

2023

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Presented here is the first continuous separation of microparticles and cells of similar characteristics employing linear and nonlinear electrokinetic phenomena in an insulator-based electrokinetic (iEK) system. By utilizing devices with insulating features, which distort the electric field distribution, it is possible to combine linear and nonlinear EK phenomena, resulting in highly effective separation schemes that leverage the new advancements in nonlinear electrophoresis. This work combines mathematical modeling and experimentation to separate four distinct binary mixtures of particles and cells. A computational model with COMSOL Multiphysics was used to predict the retention times (t R,p) of the particles and cells in iEK devices. Then, the experimental separations were carried out using the conditions identified with the model, where the experimental retention time (t R,e) of the particles and cells was measured. A total of four distinct separations of binary mixtures were performed by increasing the level of difficulty. For the first separation, two types of polystyrene microparticles, selected to mimic Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, were separated. By leveraging the knowledge gathered from the first separation, a mixture of cells of distinct domains and significant size differences, E. coli and S. cerevisiae, was successfully separated. The third separation also featured cells of different domains but closer in size: Bacillus cereus versus S. cerevisiae. The last separation included cells in the same domain and genus, B. cereus versus Bacillus subtilis. Separation results were evaluated in terms of number of plates (N) and separation resolution (R s), where R s values for all separations were above 1.5, illustrating complete separations. Experimental results were in agreement with modeling results in terms of retention times, with deviations in the 6–27% range, while the variation between repetitions was between 2 and 18%, demonstrating good reproducibility. This report is the first prediction of the retention time of cells in iEK systems.

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Separation of Cells and Microparticles in Insulator-Based Electrokinetic Systems

2023

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“…The two insets shows experimental images obtained with φPA3 phage culture sample. Adapted with permission from [128], copyright (2021) John Wiley and Sons.…”

Section: Insulator‐based Electrokinetic Analysis Of Intact Microorgan...mentioning

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Microscale electrokinetic‐based analysis of intact cells and viruses

Vaghef-Koodehi

Lapizco‐Encinas

2021

Electrophoresis

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Miniaturized electrokinetic methods have proven to be robust platforms for the analysis and assessment of intact microorganisms, offering short response times and higher integration than their bench‐scale counterparts. The present review article discusses three types of electrokinetic‐based methodologies: electromigration or motion‐based techniques, electrode‐based electrokinetics, and insulator‐based electrokinetics. The fundamentals of each type of methodology are discussed and relevant examples from recent reports are examined, to provide the reader with an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art on the latest advancements on the analysis of intact cells and viruses with microscale electrokinetic techniques. The concluding remarks discuss the potential applications and future directions.

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“…The electric field is an outstanding method for handling microscale objects and fluid flows in microchannels [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Electrokinetic manipulation of particles as well as droplets at micrometer dimension supplies advantages of voltage-based active control and dominance over other stochastic forces such as Brownian motion and thermal diffusion [18][19][20]. In the quasi-electrostatic limit, ionic charge carriers (both cations and anions) are allowed to move at a finite speed by combined electromigration, diffusion, and convection, and the assumption of electroneutrality allowing the usage of the macroscopic property of electric conductivity is well established for such scenarios (Chapters 2 and 6 in Ref.…”

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Numerical characterization of inter‐core coalescence by AC dielectrophoresis in double‐emulsion droplets

Tao

Liu

et al. 2022

Electrophoresis

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The utilization of an alternating current electric field provides a good means to achieve controlled coalescence between paired inner cores encapsulated in water-in-oil-in-water double-emulsion (DE) droplets. Although previous studies have experimentally determined the conditions under which inter-core electrokinetic fusion occurs, the transient interfacial dielectrophoretic (DEP) dynamics key to understand the underlying fluid mechanics is still unclear from a physical point of view. By coupling DEP motion of two-phase flow to phase-field formulation, bulk-coupled numerical simulations are conducted to characterize the spatial-temporal evolution of the surface charge wave and the resulting nonlinear electrical force induced at both the core/shell and medium/shell oil/water interfaces. The effect of interfacial charge relaxation and droplet geometry on inter-core attractive dipolar interaction is investigated within a wide parametric space, and four distinct device operation modes, including normal inter-core fusion, shell elongation, partial core leakage, and complete core release, are well distinguished from one another by flow regime argumentation. Our results herein reveal for the first time the hitherto unknown transient electrohydrodynamic fluid motion of DE droplet driven by Maxwell-Wagner structural polarization. The dynamic simulation method proposed in present study points out an effective outlet to predict the nonlinear electrokinetic behavior of multicore DE droplets for realizing a more controlled triggering of microscale reactions for a wide range of applications in drug discovery, skin care, and food industry.

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On the potential of microscale electrokinetic cascade devices

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Separation of Cells and Microparticles in Insulator-Based Electrokinetic Systems

Separation of Cells and Microparticles in Insulator-Based Electrokinetic Systems

Microscale electrokinetic‐based analysis of intact cells and viruses

Numerical characterization of inter‐core coalescence by AC dielectrophoresis in double‐emulsion droplets

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