On the Possibility of Lightning in the Protosolar Nebula

Gibbard, S. G.; Levy, E. H.; Morfill, G. E.

doi:10.1006/icar.1997.5846

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Pilipp et al (1998) chose the Elster-Geitel effect and another "unspecified" charging process. The Elster-Geitel effect is extremely weak and was therefore already refused by Gibbard et al (1997), Pilipp et al (1998), and Poppe et al (2000b). Furthermore, it is questionable whether a sufficient electrical charge flow can occur beetween nonconducting materials in the short contact time of a collision.…”

Section: Treatment In Astrophysical Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also Sternovsky et al (2002) used work function differences for explaining experimental results on regolith-simulant charging. With the lack of a satisfying theoretical description, it does not seem surprising that authors of astrophysical literature often avoided to address the nature of tribocharging (Gibbard et al 1997;Love et al 1995). Gibbard et al (1997) assumed an amount of charge transfer extrapolated from an empirical formula by Norville et al (1991) for the charge transfer between colliding hail and graupel in terrestrial thunderstorms.…”

Section: Treatment In Astrophysical Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hewins 1996). Important work on the possibility of lightning has been done by Morfill et al (1993), Love et al (1995), Gibbard et al (1997), Pilipp et al (1998), and Desch & Cuzzi (2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Further experiments on collisional tribocharging of cosmic grains

Poppe

Schräpler

2005

A&A

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Abstract. We experimentally investigated tribocharging in bouncing dust grain collisions under conditions which are relevant for the early solar nebula. We used silica, diamond, graphite, and silicon carbide grains and cm-sized targets of aluminum, iron, and graphite. We varied particle size around 1 µm, collision velocity between 38 to 106 m s −1 , and target temperature between 240 K and 360 K. Generally, the grains acquire something in the order of hundreds or thousands of negative elementary charges, which is at the upper end of the range previously discussed in astrophysical research. Mainly, a temperature difference caused by the dissipation of collisional energy or by initial temperatures determines the amount of charge transfer. It suggests a thermally diffusive charge transfer process of negative charge carriers. Nevertheless, also other processes of secondary importance were effective. Material-dependent contact charging is ruled out as the dominant charge transfer process in our experiments. For most particle-target combinations, the charge transfer can be described by an empirical function of collision energy which we propose for future astrophysical applications, especially for applications on the sticking efficiency in the preplanetary dust aggregation process, on the particle motion in the solar nebula, and on the possibility of nebular lightning.

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Section: Treatment In Astrophysical Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatment In Astrophysical Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Further experiments on collisional tribocharging of cosmic grains

Poppe

Schräpler

2005

A&A

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“…The value of E s scales with pressure and has a value of 20 V m −1 to 1 V m −1 at pressures between 10 −5 and 5 × 10 −7 of atmospheric pressure, typical of disks in planetary forming systems. E s could have a higher value in dust loaded regions near the midplane (Gibbard et al 1997). The Compton scattered electrons produce ions and electrons that increase the conductivity of the gas above that caused by cosmic rays and radionuclides (Desch & Cuzzi 2000;Love et al 1995).…”

Section: Prompt Grb Emission and Charge Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spacecraft have detected lightning on Jupiter and other planets. This model is not favoured for chondrule production for a number of reasons including the limitation to the build up of a large electrostatic potential by the gas conductivity, the breakdown potential of the gas and the available energy source (Desch & Cuzzi 2000;Eisenhour & Buseck 1995;Gibbard et al 1997;Love et al 1995;Pilipp et al 1998;Weidenschilling 1997). It has also been pointed out that, if lightning were the mechanism responsible for chondrule formation, it would have to operate on a large scale comparable in size with the whole nebula (Pilipp et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-ray bursts and other sources of giant lightning discharges in protoplanetary systems

McBreen

Winston

McBreen

et al. 2005

A&A

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Abstract. Lightning in the solar nebula is considered to be one of the probable sources for producing the chondrules that are found in meteorites. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provide a large flux of γ-rays that Compton scatter and create a charge separation in the gas because the electrons are displaced from the positive ions. The electric field easily exceeds the breakdown value of ≈1 V m −1 over distances of order 0.1 AU. The energy in a giant lightning discharge exceeds a terrestrial lightning flash by a factor of ∼1012 . The predicted post-burst emission of γ-rays from accretion into the newly formed black hole or spin-down of the magnetar is sufficiently intense to cause a lightning storm in the nebula that lasts for days and is more probable than the GRB because the radiation is beamed into a larger solid angle. The giant outbursts from nearby soft gamma-ray repeater sources (SGRs) are also capable of causing giant lightning discharges. The total amount of chondrules produced is in reasonable agreement with the observations of meteorites. Furthermore in the case of GRBs most chondrules were produced in a few major melting events by nearby GRBs and lightning occurred at effectively the same time over the whole nebula, and provide accurate time markers to the formation of chondrules and evolution of the solar nebula. This model provides a reasonable explanation for the delay between the formation of calcium aluminium inclusions (CAIs) and chondrules.

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