On the possibility of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and ferroelastic domain reorientations in magnetic and electric fields

Schmid, Hans

doi:10.1080/00150199908016431

Cited by 62 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This reduces the probable outcomes to either state 4 ͑in which both D and M reverse͒ or state 8 ͑in which D and M are unchanged͒. Of these, state 8, in which the magnetic ordering is unchanged compared to state 1, is the most likely, since the reversal of the oxygen rotations is energetically costly, and is not required by the reversal of P. It is clear, however, that the earlier argument 8,9 that the mutual invariance under timeand space inversion of electric field and magnetization inhibits the possibility of electric-field-induced magnetization reversal, does not hold. While it is certainly correct that it is not possible to drive the system from state 1 to its timeconjugate state 1Ј using an electric field, the state corresponding to 1Ј is also present in most ferroelectric ferromag- …”

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confidence: 65%

“…4 Conversely, early work on nickel-iodine boracite 7 showed that, below ϳ60 K, reversal of the spontaneous electric polarization rotates the magnetization by 90°, indicating that the axis of the magnetization, but not its sense, can be controlled by an electric field. In fact, it was believed 8,9 that electric-field-induced 180°switching of the magnetization should be impossible, because a reversal of the magnetization corresponds to the operation of time inversion, whereas the electric field is invariant under this operation. In this work we show that such behavior is not generally impossible by using multiferroic bismuth ferrite, BiFeO 3 , as a test case to analyze the coupling between magnetism and ferroelectricity.…”

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Weak ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in bismuth ferrite

2005

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We analyze the coupling between the ferroelectric and magnetic order parameters in the magnetoelectric multiferroic BiFeO 3 using density functional theory within the local spin density approximation ͑LSDA͒ and the LSDA+ U method. We show that weak ferromagnetism of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya type occurs in this material, and we analyze the coupling between the resulting magnetization and the structural distortions. We explore the possibility of electric-field-induced magnetization reversal and show that, although it is unlikely to be realized in BiFeO 3 , it is not in general impossible. Finally, we outline the conditions that must be fulfilled to achieve switching of the magnetization using an electric field. There has been increasing recent interest in magnetoelectric multiferroics, 1-5 which are materials that show spontaneous magnetic and electric ordering in the same phase. In addition to the fascinating physics resulting from the independent existence of two or more ferroic order parameters in one material, 6 the coupling between magnetic and electric degrees of freedom gives rise to additional phenomena. The linear and quadratic magnetoelectric ͑ME͒ effects, in which a magnetization linear or quadratic in the applied field strength is induced by an electric field ͑or an electric polarization is induced by a magnetic field͒, are already well established. 5 Recently, more complex coupling scenarios have been investigated. Examples are the coupling of the antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric domains in hexagonal YMnO 3 , 1 or the large magnetocapacitance near the ferromagnetic Curie temperature in ferroelectric BiMnO 3 . 3 Especially interesting are scenarios where the direction of the magnetization or electric polarization can be modified by an electric or magnetic field, respectively. Such a coupling would open up entirely new possibilities in data storage technologies, such as ferroelectric memory elements that could be read out nondestructively via the accompanying magnetization. Some progress has been made in this direction. Recently, the small ͑0.08 C/cm 2 ͒ electric polarization in perovskite TbMnO 3 was rotated by 90°using a magnetic field at low temperatures ͑ϳ10-20 K͒. 4 Conversely, early work on nickel-iodine boracite 7 showed that, below ϳ60 K, reversal of the spontaneous electric polarization rotates the magnetization by 90°, indicating that the axis of the magnetization, but not its sense, can be controlled by an electric field. In fact, it was believed 8,9 that electric-field-induced 180°switching of the magnetization should be impossible, because a reversal of the magnetization corresponds to the operation of time inversion, whereas the electric field is invariant under this operation. In this work we show that such behavior is not generally impossible by using multiferroic bismuth ferrite, BiFeO 3 , as a test case to analyze the coupling between magnetism and ferroelectricity.BiFeO 3 has long been known to be, in its bulk form, an antiferromagnetic, ferroelectric multiferroic, 10,11 with anti...

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Weak ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in bismuth ferrite

2005

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“…• and 109 • ) occur, as shown in figure 1b,c (marked as a different colour of the antiferromagnetic plane from the original one) [9,[13][14][15]. On the other hand, 180…”

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confidence: 99%

Reliable polarization switching of BiFeO ₃

Baek

Eom

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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As a room temperature multi-ferroic with coexisting anti-ferromagnetic, ferroelectric and ferroelastic orders, BiFeO 3 has been extensively studied to realize magnetoelectric devices that enable manipulation of magnetic ordering by an electric field. Moreover, BiFeO 3 is a promising candidate for ferroelectric memory devices because it has the largest remanent polarization (P r > 100 mC cm −2 ) of all ferroelectric materials. For these applications, controlling polarization switching by an electric field plays a crucial role. However, BiFeO 3 has a complex switching behaviour owing to the rhombohedral symmetry: ferroelastic (71• , 109• ) and ferroelectric (180 • ) switching. Furthermore, the polarization is switched through a multi-step process: 180• switching occurs through three sequential 71• switching steps. By using monodomain BiFeO 3 thin-film heterostructures, we correlated such multi-step switching to the macroscopically observed reliability issues of potential devices such as retention and fatigue. We overcame the retention problem (i.e. elastic back-switching of the 71 • switched area) using monodomain BiFeO 3 islands. Furthermore, we suppressed the fatigue problem of 180• switching, i.e. loss of switchable polarization with switching cycles, using a single 71• switching path. Our results provide a framework for exploring a route to reliably control multiple-order parameters coupled to ferroelastic order in other rhombohedral and lower-symmetry materials.

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“…Such a unique property makes these systems extremely useful for many technological applications ranging from tunable multifunctional spintronics to magnetoelectric random access memory devices and many kinds of optoelectronic devices. 1,2 Physically, as pointed out by Aizu 3 and later on by other authors, 4,5 the ME coupling between magnetism and ferroelectricity is governed by a simultaneous breaking of inversion and time-reversal symmetries. Since its first prediction, 3 the search for multiferroic materials 6,7 has become one of the most active research areas in condensed matter and material physics.…”

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Magnetic, electronic, and optical properties of double perovskite Bi2FeMnO6

et al. 2016

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Double perovskite Bi2FeMnO6 is a potential candidate for the single-phase multiferroic system. In this work, we study the magnetic, electronic, and optical properties in BFMO by performing the density functional theory calculations and experimental measurements of magnetic moment. We also demonstrate the strain dependence of magnetization. More importantly, our calculations of electronic and optical properties reveal that the onsite local correlation on Mn and Fe sites is critical to the gap opening in BFMO, which is a prerequisite condition for the ferroelectric ordering. Finally, we calculate the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra of Fe and Mn ions (L2 and L3 edges) in BFMO.

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On the possibility of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and ferroelastic domain reorientations in magnetic and electric fields

Cited by 62 publications

References 29 publications

Weak ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in bismuth ferrite

Weak ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in bismuth ferrite

Reliable polarization switching of BiFeO ₃

Magnetic, electronic, and optical properties of double perovskite Bi2FeMnO6

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On the possibility of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and ferroelastic domain reorientations in magnetic and electric fields

Cited by 62 publications

References 29 publications

Weak ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in bismuth ferrite

Weak ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in bismuth ferrite

Reliable polarization switching of BiFeO 3

Magnetic, electronic, and optical properties of double perovskite Bi2FeMnO6

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Product

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Reliable polarization switching of BiFeO ₃